TristramStuart_2012S[崔斯特瑞姆.斯图尔特][全球食物浪费的丑闻].pdf

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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件The job of uncovering the global food waste scandal startedfor me when I was 15 years old.这项揭露全球粮食浪费丑闻的任务 从我15岁起便开始了。00:13I bought some pigs.I was living in Sussex.我买了一些猪。当时我住在萨塞克斯郡。00:19And I started to feed them in the most traditional andenvironmentally friendly way.我开始用最传统 和环保的方式饲养它

2、们。00:21I went to my school kitchen,and I said,Give me the scrapsthat my school friends have turned their noses up at.我去了学校的厨房,我说,“把那些我朋友们所看不上的 残羹剩饭都给我。”00:26I went to the local baker and took their stale bread.我去了当地的面包店,向他们要了那些不新鲜的面包。00:30I went to the local greengrocer,and I went to a farmer whowas

3、 throwing away potatoes because they were the wrongshape or size for supermarkets.我去了当地的蔬菜水果店,还去找了一个 正在丢弃土豆的农民,仅仅是因为它们形状和尺寸不符合超市的需求。00:33This was great.My pigs turned that food waste into deliciouspork.I sold that pork to my school friends parents,and Imade a good pocket money addition to my teenage

4、allowance.一切都很顺利。我养的那些猪把食物残渣 都转变成了美味的猪肉。我把猪肉 卖给学校里朋友们的家长,并且我也从中赚到 额外的零花钱。00:41But I noticed that most of the food that I was giving my pigswas in fact fit for human consumption,and that I was onlyscratching the surface,and that right the way up the foodsupply chain,但是后来我意识到,我喂猪所用的大部分食物 都是人类可食用的,而我也只

5、触到了问题表面,在整条食物链的最上面,00:53uncovering:adj.露出的;未覆盖的/v.发现(uncover的现在分词);揭露;揭开的盖子;移去的覆盖物/n.露出;开发;剥离environmentally:adv.有关环境方面 scraps:n.残羹剩饭;刮屑(scrap的复数)noses:n.鼻子(nose复数)greengrocer:n.蔬菜水果商;菜贩 potatoes:n.作物土豆(potato的复数形式);作物马铃薯 pork:n.猪肉/vt.与女子性交 fit for:adj.适于;适合的,恰当的 scratching:v.划伤;擦伤;刮痕(scratch的ing形式)

6、in supermarkets,greengrocers,bakers,in our homes,infactories and farms,we were hemorrhaging out food.在超市里,在蔬菜水果店里,在面包店里,在我们的家里,在工厂和农场里,我们都在大量地、疯狂地浪费着食物。01:04Supermarkets didnt even want to talk to me about howmuch food they were wasting.那些超市的负责人甚至都不愿意跟我讨论 那些他们到底浪费了多少粮食的话题。01:10Id been round the back

7、.Id seen bins full of food beinglocked and then trucked off to landfill sites,and I thought,surely there is something more sensible to do with food thanwaste it.我曾经绕到超市的后面。我亲眼目睹了那些装满食物的垃圾桶 被锁在卡车里,然后被送往垃圾场填埋,然后我就在想,肯定有更合理的处理食物的方法,而不是浪费它们。01:14One morning,when I was feeding my pigs,I noticed aparticul

8、arly tasty-looking sun-dried tomato loaf that used tocrop up from time to time.一天早上,当我正在喂我的猪时,我看到一块看起来很美味的晒干的西红柿面包,它们常常会出现。01:25I grabbed hold of it,sat down,and ate my breakfast with mypigs.(Laughter)That was the first act of what I later learnedto call freeganism,really an exhibition of the injust

9、ice offood waste,and the provision of the solution to food waste,which is simply to sit down and eat food,rather thanthrowing it away.我抓起了它,坐了下来,跟我的那些猪共进早餐。（笑声）这就是我第一次做出这种后来被我称呼为“免费素食主义 的举动,实际上体现出的是对浪费食物的不满,并且提供了浪费食物的解决方案,那就是,坐下来,吃完它,而不是把它丢掉。01:33bakers:n.面包师;(美)食品轻便烘炉(baker的复数)factories:n.工厂,车厂(fac

10、tory复数形式)hemorrhaging:n.出血,溢血/v.大出血;损失(hemorrhage的ing形式)bins:n.箱子;素材屉;工具屉(bin的复数形式)/v.把放入箱子中(bin的三单形式)trucked:n.卡车;交易;手推车/vi.驾驶卡车;以物易物/vt.交易;以卡车运输/adj.(美)运货汽车的 landfill:n.垃圾填埋地;垃圾堆sun-dried:adj.太阳晒干的 crop up:突然出现 from time to time:不时,有时 grabbed:v.攫取;捕获;强夺;匆忙地做(grab的过去分词形式)exhibition:n.展览,显示;展览会;展览品

11、injustice:n.不公正;不讲道义 provision:n.规定;条款;准备;经供应品/vt.供给食物及必需品That became,as it were,a way of confronting largebusinesses in the business of wasting food,and exposing,most importantly,to the public,that when were talkingabout food being thrown away,这种行为变成一种对大型产业 浪费食物行为的抵抗,更重要的是,去向大众揭露,当我们在说被丢弃的食品时,01:52

12、were not talking about rotten stuff,were not talking about我们说的不是腐烂的食品,我们说的不是 那些难以下咽的食物。02:03TED演讲者：Tristram Stuart|崔斯特瑞姆.斯图尔特演讲标题：Tristram Stuart:The global food waste scandal|全球食物浪费的丑闻内容概要：Tristram Stuart sounds the warning bell on global food waste,calling for us tochange the systems whereby large

13、 quantities of produce and other foods end up in trashheaps.西方国家丢弃将近一半的食物，并不是因为那些食物不可食用-而是因为它们看起来不够美味。崔斯特瑞姆.斯图尔特深入调查关于浪费食物的有震撼力的数据，呼吁大家更有责任的使用全球资源。were not talking about rotten stuff,were not talking aboutstuff thats beyond the pale.下咽的食物。02:03Were talking about good,fresh food that is being wasted

14、ona colossal scale.我们说的是那些完好的,新鲜的食物 在被大规模地浪费掉。02:08Eventually,I set about writing my book,really todemonstrate the extent of this problem on a global scale.What this shows is a nation-by-nation breakdown of thelikely level of food waste in each country in the world.终于,我决定写一本书,来说明这个问题在国际上的广度。这个显示出的是

15、世界上每个国家对食物可能的 浪费程度。02:13Unfortunately,empirical data,good,hard stats,dont exist,and therefore to prove my point,I first of all had to findsome proxy way of uncovering how much food was beingwasted.但是很可惜,实际、确凿的数据很难统计,因此,为了证明我的观点,我首先得通过 一些替代的方式来揭露 有多少食物被浪费了。02:27as it were:可以说是,似乎就是;好像 confronting:v.面

16、对;对抗(confront的ing形式);对立 exposing:n.遗弃;露体;陈列/v.揭露;展览;遭遇(expose的ing形式)pale:adj.苍白的;无力的;暗淡的/n.前哨;栅栏;范围/vt.使失色;使变苍白;用栅栏围/vi.失色;变苍白;变得暗淡 colossal:adj.巨大的;异常的,非常的 empirical:adj.经验主义的，完全根据经验的；实证的 stats:abbr.静止坦克自动目标系统(StationaryTankAutomaticTargetSystem)first of all:adv.首先 proxy:n.代理人;委托书;代用品So I took the

17、food supply of every single country and Icompared it to what was actually likely to be beingconsumed in each country.于是,我把各国的食物供应量 跟其自身的实际消耗量 拿来做比较。02:37Thats based on diet intake surveys,its based on levels ofobesity,its based on a range of factors that gives you anapproximate guess as to how much

18、food is actually goinginto peoples mouths.这些数据是基于食物摄入量的调查问卷基础上,再加上肥胖程度和很多其他不同的因素,来得出一个大概的 关于究竟有多少食物真正进入了人们的口中的推测。02:45That black line in the middle of that table is the likely level ofconsumption with an allowance for certain levels ofinevitable waste.表格中间的黑线 是食物消耗量的大概数值 当中包括了一定量的无法避免的浪费。02:56There

19、will always be waste.Im not that unrealistic that Ithink we can live in a waste-free world.浪费永远都会存在。我还不至于不切实际到去 以为我们可以生活在一个毫无浪费的世界里。03:06But that black line shows what a food supply should be in acountry if they allow for a good,stable,secure,nutritionaldiet for every person in that country.但是那条黑线显示

20、出 一个具备良好的,稳定的,安全的 有营养的食品的国家应该供应给每个人的食物量。03:10Any dot above that line,and youll quickly notice that thatincludes most countries in the world,represents unnecessarysurplus,and is likely to reflect levels of waste in each country.你会发现,世界上绝大多数的国家 都处于这条线的上方,代表着不必要的盈余,也反映出 每个国家的食物浪费量。03:22intake:n.摄取量;通风口

21、;引入口;引入的量 surveys:n.调查(survey的复数)obesity:n.肥大,肥胖 approximate:vt.近似;使接近;粗略估计/vi.接近于;近似于/adj.数近似的;大概的 for certain:肯定地;确凿地 unrealistic:adj.不切实际的;不实在的waste-free:不出垃圾的 allow for:考虑到,虑及 nutritional:adj.营养的;滋养的As a country gets richer,it invests more and more in gettingmore and more surplus into its shops

22、and restaurants,and asyou can see,most European and North American countriesfall between 150 and 200 percent of the nutritionalrequirements of their populations.当一个国家变富裕时,它会投入越来越多的资产 来购买大量的、额外的存货 导致商店和餐馆里产生更多的浪费,同时你可以看到,大多数欧洲 和北美的国家 消耗着150到200的 国家总人口营养需求量。03:34So a country like America has twice as

23、much food on its shopshelves and in its restaurants than is actually required tofeed the American people.所以一个像美国这样的国家 在它商店货架上和餐馆里所拥有的食物 比实际需要喂饱所有美国人的量还多出一倍。03:52But the thing that really struck me,when I plotted all thisdata,and it was a lot of numbers,was that you can see how itlevels off.但是当我处理这些大

24、量的数据时,一件深深震撼我的事就是,如你所见,数据点逐渐趋于平缓。04:00Countries rapidly shoot towards that 150 mark,and thenthey level off,and they dont really go on rising as you mightexpect.各个国家的点很快升至150的标记,而在到达这个界限后 便趋于平稳,而非像你所预期的那样 继续上升。04:10So I decided to unpack that data a little bit further to see ifthat was true or false.

25、所以我决定更近一步的解读这些数据 来看这到底是准确的还是错误的。04:18And thats what I came up with.这就是我所发现的。04:22If you include not just the food that ends up in shops andrestaurants,but also the food that people feed to livestock,the maize,the soy,the wheat,that humans could eat butchoose to fatten livestock instead to produce in

26、creasingamounts of meat and dairy products,what you find is thatmost rich countries如果不仅仅包括是那些最终 流向在商店和餐馆的食物,而且还包括 人们用来饲养牲畜的食物:那些玉米、大豆、小麦,等等人类本可以可以食用 但是却选择给牲畜用来增肥 以便制造更多肉类和奶制品,你会发现,大多数富裕的国家04:24invests:v.投资;花费(invest的三单形式)as you can see:正如你所看到的;你是知道的 requirements:n.要求(requirement的复数);调整需要量,必需品 shelve

27、s:n.架子(shelf的复数)/v.装架(shelve的第三人称单数形式)level off:趋平;呈平稳状态;把.弄平 unpack:vt.卸下;解除的负担/vi.打开包裹 maize:adj.黄色的,玉米色的/n.玉米;黄色,玉米色 soy:n.大豆;酱油fatten:vt.养肥;使肥沃;使充实/vi.养肥;(靠)发财have between three and four times the amount of food thattheir population needs to feed itself.消耗着它人口所需要的 三到四倍多的食物。04:40A country like Am

28、erica has four times the amount of foodthat it needs.一个像美国这样的国家有着它人口所需要的 四倍的食物。04:47When people talk about the need to increase global foodproduction to feed those nine billion people that areexpected on the planet by 2050,当人们在讨论着需要扩大全球 粮食产量来喂饱2050年之际 预计的全球90亿人口,04:53I always think of these graphs.我

29、总是会想起这些图表。05:01The fact is,we have an enormous buffer in rich countriesbetween ourselves and hunger.实际上,富裕的国家为我们和饥饿之间 提供庞大的缓冲。05:03Weve never had such gargantuan surpluses before.我们之前从未有过如此庞大的盈余。05:10In many ways,this is a great success story of humancivilization,of the agricultural surpluses that w

30、e set out toachieve 12,000 years ago.在很多方面,这是一个人类文明的成功的故事:在农业富余方面 我们达到了12,000年前所定的目标。05:15It is a success story.It has been a success story.这是一个成功的故事。这一直都是一个成功的故事。05:25But what we have to recognize now is that we are reachingthe ecological limits that our planet can bear,and when wechop down forests

31、,as we are every day,to grow more andmore food,但是我们现在要认识到的是我们已经 要达到地球所能承受的生态极限,每天,当我们砍下一片片树林,来增加越来越多的食物,05:28graphs:n.数图形,图表;曲线图(graph的复数)/v.把绘入图;用图表表示;描绘(graph的第三人称单数)buffer:n.计缓冲区;缓冲器,车辆减震器/vt.缓冲 between ourselves:只限于咱们之间;秘密的 gargantuan:adj.庞大的,巨大的 surpluses:n.剩余(surplus的复数)agricultural:adj.农业的;农艺

32、的 set out:出发;开始;陈述;陈列 ecological:adj.生态的,生态学的when we extract water from depleting water reserves,whenwe emit fossil fuel emissions in the quest to grow more andmore food,and then we throw away so much of it,we haveto think about what we can start saving.当我们从渐渐耗尽的水资源中提取水,当我们排放着化石燃料的废气 来增加越来越多的食物,然后再把

33、这么多的食物都丢弃,我们必须想一想我们能开始保存下些什么。05:39And yesterday,I went to one of the local supermarkets that Ioften visit to inspect,if you like,what theyre throwing away.昨天,我去了一家我常去的 本地的超市 去察看他们丢弃了些什么。05:53I found quite a few packets of biscuits amongst all the fruitand vegetables and everything else that was in t

34、here.我找到了很多包饼干 还有很多水果蔬菜和其他的一些东西 都在废弃物之列。06:03And I thought,well this could serve as a symbol for today.然后我想到,这个可以作为今天的一个象征。06:08So I want you to imagine that these nine biscuits that I foundin the bin represent the global food supply,okay?We startout with nine.所以我想让你们把这9块我在垃圾桶里找到的饼干想象成全球粮食供应,好吗？我们最初

35、有9块。06:10Thats whats in fields around the world every single year.这是全球每年的食物产量。06:18extract:vt.提取;取出;摘录;榨取/n.汁;摘录;榨出物;选粹 depleting:v.用尽,耗尽;使减少(deplete的ing形式)reserves:n.油气储量;准备金(reserve的复数);后备队/v.储备;保留(reserve的三单形式);预订 throw away:扔掉,丢弃 quite a few:不少,相当多 biscuits:n.饼干;小面包(biscuit的复数形式)serve as:担任,充当;起

36、的作用 bin:n.箱子,容器;二进制/vt.把放入箱中 start out:出发;着手进行The first biscuit were going to lose before we even leave thefarm.第一块饼干在我们离开农场之前 就会失去。06:21Thats a problem primarily associated with developing workagriculture,whether its a lack of infrastructure,refrigeration,pasteurization,grain stores,even basic frui

37、t crates,whichmeans that food goes to waste before it even leaves thefields.这个问题主要与 农业工作发展有关,不管它是 缺乏基础设施,制冷设备,杀菌技术,以及粮油店,甚至基本的水果箱,这意味着 食物在离开产地之前就会被浪费掉。06:25www.XiYuS锡育软件The next three biscuits are the foods that we decide to feedto livestock,the maize,the wheat and the soya.下面三块饼干是在我们决定用来 饲养牲畜用的食物:玉

38、米,小麦和大豆。06:39Unfortunately,our beasts are inefficient animals,and theyturn two-thirds of that into feces and heat,so weve lostthose two,and weve only kept this one in meat and dairyproducts.不幸的是,我们的野兽们是低效的动物们,它们把2/3都转换成粪便和热量,因此我们丢失了两块饼干,我们只保留下这一块 代表肉类和奶制品。06:46Two more were going to throw away direc

39、tly into bins.还有两块我们会直接丢进垃圾桶里。07:00This is what most of us think of when we think of food waste,what ends up in the garbage,what ends up in supermarketbins,what ends up in restaurant bins.Weve lost another two,and weve left ourselves with just four biscuits to feed on.这就是我们大多数人所认为的 食物浪费,那些最终到了垃圾桶里的,

40、最终到了超市的垃圾桶里的,最终到了餐馆的垃圾桶里的。于是我们又失去了两块,而我们只为自己留下四块能食用的饼干。07:04biscuit:n.小点心,饼干 refrigeration:n.制冷;冷藏;热冷却 pasteurization:n.加热杀菌法,巴斯德氏杀菌法 crates:n.包装板条箱(crate的复数)soya:n.大豆,作物黄豆 inefficient:adj.无效率的,效率低的;无能的 two-thirds:n.三分之二/三分之二的/三分之二地 feces:n.排泄物;渣滓 feed on:v.以.为食;以.为能源That is not a superlatively effi

41、cient use of global resources,especially when you think of the billion hungry people thatexist already in the world.这种利用全球资源的方式并不高效,特别是当你想起这个世界上有多少亿的人们 正在挨饿着。07:16Having gone through the data,I then needed to demonstratewhere that food ends up.研究过这些数据,我还需要 演示这些食物最终去了那里。07:24Where does it end up?Were

42、 used to seeing the stuff on ourplates,but what about all the stuff that goes missing inbetween?它去了哪里呢？我们习惯于看到那些在我们盘子上的 食物,但是那些在这之前不见的 食物去了哪里呢？07:30Supermarkets are an easy place to start.超市是个容易开始着手的地方。07:36This is the result of my hobby,which is unofficial bininspections.(Laughter)Strange you might

43、 think,but if wecould rely on corporations to tell us what they were doing inthe back of their stores,we wouldnt need to go sneakingaround the back,opening up bins and having a look atwhats inside.而这是我爱好的结果,就是非官方的垃圾桶检查。（笑声）你会想这很奇怪,但是如果我们能靠企业来告诉我们他们在店里都在做些什么,我们就不必要偷偷摸摸的跑到店后面,打开垃圾桶去看里面有什么。07:38But thi

44、s is what you can see more or less on every streetcorner in Britain,in Europe,in North America.但是这就是你或多或少 能在英国,欧洲和北美的大街小巷里看到的。07:56superlatively:adv.最高地;无上地 unofficial:adj.非官方的;非正式的 inspections:n.检查;视察;安全检测(inspection的复数)rely on:依靠,依赖 corporations:n.贸易公司,经企业(corporation的复数形式)sneaking:adj.鬼鬼祟祟的;私下的;卑

45、鄙的/v.潜行(sneak的ing形式)more or less:或多或少It represents a colossal waste of food,but what I discoveredwhilst I was writing my book was that this very evidentabundance of waste was actually the tip of the iceberg.这表明了庞大的食物浪费,但是在写书期间我发现这些显而易见的大量浪费 其实只是冰山一角。08:01When you start going up the supply chain,you

46、find wherethe real food waste is happening on a gargantuan scale.当你开始从食物供应链往上,你就会发现庞大规模的食物浪费 正在发生08:13Can I have a show of hands if you have a loaf of sliced breadin your house?我想让在座的各位来此举手投票:如果你的家里有一条切片面包,08:20Who lives in a household where that crust-that slice at thefirst and last end of each loa

47、f-who lives in a householdwhere it does get eaten?谁会把那些面包皮 就是那第一片和最后一片面包片 那些家庭会把这些吃掉？08:26Okay,most people,not everyone,but most people,and thisis,Im glad to say,what I see across the world,and yet hasanyone seen a supermarket or sandwich shop anywhere inthe world that serves sandwiches with crusts

48、on it?(Laughter)好的,大部分人,不是所有人,但是绝大多数人,而这也是,我很高兴地说,全球都是这样,但是有没有人看到超市或者三明治店里 世上任何地方卖的三明治 上面有面包皮？（笑声）08:34I certainly havent.至少我没见过。08:45So I kept on thinking,where do those crusts go?(Laughter)This is the answer,unfortunately:13,000 slices of fresh breadcoming out of this one single factory every sing

49、le day,day-fresh bread.所以我继续想,这些面包皮都去了哪里？（笑声）这就是答案,很不幸:每天都有13,000块新鲜面包从这一个工厂里产出,这是非常新鲜的、刚出炉的面包。08:47tip of the iceberg:冰山一角;事物的表面部分 sliced:adj.(食物)已切成薄片的/v.切成薄片;分配(slice的过去式和过去分词)first and last:总的说来,整体看来;彻头彻尾,始终;主要地;完全 sandwiches:n.食品三明治;夹在一起的东西(sandwich的复数)/v.把做成三明治;将夹在中间(sandwich的第三人称单数)crusts:n.外

50、壳;面包皮;坚硬外皮/vi.结硬皮;结成外壳/vt.盖以硬皮;在上结硬皮 slices:n.切片,切割(slice的复数形式)/v.切成薄片(slice的三单形式)In the same year that I visited this factory,I went to Pakistan,where people in 2008 were going hungry as a result of asqueeze on global food supplies.在我访问这个工厂的同一年,我去了巴基斯坦,那儿2008年时还有很多人还在挨饿。这是全球粮食供应紧张造成的。09:02We contri