非谓语动词做状语(课堂PPT).ppt

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1、1非非谓谓语语动动词词过去分词过去分词 v-ed不定式不定式to do动名词动名词现在分词现在分词分分 词词-ing-ing 形式形式动名词动名词-ing现在分词现在分词v-ing2动动词词不不定定式式的的使使用用To do like that is foolish.I want to see you I am to visit youHe has lots of work to do.I study hard to improve English.The teacher ask me to answer the question.主语主语 宾语宾语表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 宾补宾补31.

2、主语主语swimmingismyhobby.2.宾语宾语Ilikeswimming.3.表语表语Myhobbyisswimming.4.定语定语Iwanttobuyaswimmingsuit.动名词动名词可以以下成分可以以下成分:41.表语Themusicismoving.2.定语Idontlikethepeopletalkingloudlyinpublic.3.宾补Weheardhersinginginherroom.4.状语Readinganewspaper,Shesatatthetable.现在分词现在分词可以以下成分可以以下成分:51.表语Theteacherismoved.2.定语I

3、dontlikethemantalkedaboutattheparty.3.宾补Weheardasongsunginherroom.4.状语Lostinanewspaper,Shedidntnoticeme.过去分词过去分词可以以下成分可以以下成分:6非谓语动词的句法功能非谓语动词的句法功能主语主语宾语宾语表语表语宾补宾补定语定语状语状语不不定定式式动动名名词词分分词词主语主语宾语宾语 表语表语宾补宾补定语定语状语状语主语主语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语表语表语宾补宾补定语定语状语状语7非谓语动词非谓语动词，不是做谓语的动词。当句中已经有了谓语，不是做谓语的动词。当句中已经有了谓语动词，并且句中没

4、有连词时，需要用非谓语动词了。动词，并且句中没有连词时，需要用非谓语动词了。The girl is Mary.If I am given more time,I ll catch up with you.The girl dancing in the hall is Mary.Given more time,Ill catch up with you.主语主语系系(谓语谓语)表语表语非谓语动词非谓语动词（定）（定）非谓语动词非谓语动词（状语）（状语）连词连词主语主语谓语谓语宾宾谓语谓语Analyze the sentence：划分句子结构：划分句子结构8观察下列例句观察下列例句,找出非谓语动词

5、找出非谓语动词,并且判断做并且判断做什么成分什么成分.()1.Askedwhyhedidit,hesaiditwashisduty.2.Beingill,hedidntgotoschool.()3.Workinghard,youwilldowellinyourexams.()4.Hisparentsdiedinthewar,leavinghimanorphan()5.Theywentintotheroom,laughingandtalking.()6.TomakemuchprogressinEnglish,hestudieshard.()9观察下列例句观察下列例句,找出非谓语动词找出非谓语动词

6、,并且判断做并且判断做什么成分什么成分.()1.Askedwhyhedidit,hesaiditwashisduty.2.Beingill,hedidntgotoschool.()3.Workinghard,youwilldowellinyourexams.()4.Hisparentsdiedinthewar,leavinghimanorphan.()5.Theywentintotheroom,laughingandtalking.()6.TomakemuchprogressinEnglish,hestudieshard.()10观察下列例句观察下列例句,找出非谓语动词找出非谓语动词,并且判断

7、做并且判断做什么成分什么成分()1.Askedwhyhedidit,hesaiditwashisduty.2.Beingill,hedidntgotoschool.()3.Workinghard,youwilldowellinyourexams.()4.Hisparentsdiedinthewar,leavinghimanorphan()5.Theywentintotheroom,laughingandtalking.()6.TomakemuchprogressinEnglish,hestudieshard.()原因状语原因状语条件状语条件状语结果状语结果状语伴随状语伴随状语目的状语目的状语

8、时间状语时间状语 11一一.非谓语动词做状语的形式：非谓语动词做状语的形式：二二.doing/havingdone三三.done/beingdone/havingbeendone四四.todo/tobedone五五.二二.做题方法：做题方法：析句子结构，找逻辑主语，析句子结构，找逻辑主语，辩逻辑关系，判动词先后辩逻辑关系，判动词先后六六.三三.高考易混点高考易混点121)分词作状语分词作状语形式形式意义意义doinghavingdonedonebeingdonehavingbeendone主动，与主句谓语动词同时或基本主动，与主句谓语动词同时或基本同时发生同时发生主动，先于谓语动词发生主动，先

9、于谓语动词发生被动被动被动，正在进行，一般作原因状语放被动，正在进行，一般作原因状语放句首句首被动，先于谓语动词发生被动，先于谓语动词发生132)不定式做状语 形式形式 意义意义Todo 主动，将来主动，将来TobedoneTobedoingTohavedoneTohavebeendone 被动，被动，将来将来主动，主动，正在正在主动，完成主动，完成被动，完成被动，完成141.Seeing from the space,the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall.2.The lawyer listened with full attention,

10、trying not to miss any point.3.Not having received a reply,he decided to write again.4.Having waited in the queue for half of an hour,the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.一一.doing/having done 做状语做状语 主语与非谓语动词为主语与非谓语动词为主动关系主动关系，having done 强调动作发生在主句谓语动词之前。强调动作发生在主句谓语动词之前。Aft

11、er the old man _ in the queuefor half an hour,he suddenly realized he hadhad waited151.Seen from the top of the mountain,the city looks beautiful.2.Compared with those who lived in the slums,Children here are really lucky.3.Having been separated from other continents for millions of years，Australia

12、has many plants and animals not found in any other countries in the world.4.Having been shown around the Water Cube,we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.5.Beingrepaired,theaccesstothemuseumislocked.二二.done/being done/having been done 做状语做状语 主语与非谓语动词之间为被动关系；主语与非谓语动词之间为被

13、动关系；having been done 发生在主句谓语动词之前发生在主句谓语动词之前161.Not to fail the examination,all the students are studying hard.2.He hurried to the station,only to be told that the train had left.3.He hurried to the booking office only to find that all the tickets had been sold out.4.I feel greatly honored to be welc

14、omed into their society.三三.to do 做目的，原因，结果状语做目的，原因，结果状语 to be done 是被动结构是被动结构目的状语目的状语结果状语结果状语结果状语结果状语原因状语原因状语17表表目目的的表表 原原 因因表表 结结 果果不不定定式式作作状状语语182)不定式做状语 形式形式 意义意义Todo 主动，将来主动，将来TobedoneTobedoingTohavedoneTohavebeendone 被动，被动，将来将来主动，主动，正在正在主动，完成主动，完成被动，完成被动，完成19Istudyhard_thepeoplewell.toserveTose

15、rvethepeoplewell,Istudyhard.(置于句首加强语气)Inordertoservethepeoplewell,Istudyhard.(更加强语气)Istudyhardsoastoservethepeoplewell.(不可用于句首)表表目目的的20Heislucky_hereontime.togetIamhappy_youagain.LiMingseemedwilling_that.Iamsorry_that.toseetodotohear(作原因状语时常修饰表作原因状语时常修饰表感情感情的形容词的形容词,表示表示产生这种感情的原因产生这种感情的原因.)表表 原原 因因2

16、1Ihurriedtogetthereonlytofindhimout.He hurried to the station,only to be told the bus had left.1）(onlytodo表示意料之外的结果表示意料之外的结果)2）too.to/enoughto/soasto表表 结结 果果His family was too poor to support him He is old enough to go to school.The house is so high and narrow as to resemble a tower.这房子又高又窄，像一座塔这房子又

17、高又窄，像一座塔 22不定式做状语时应该注意：不定式做状语时应该注意：1not/nevertootodo,toonottodo,but/onlytootodo,tooreadytodo,tooeagertodo表示肯定意义。表示肯定意义。Heistoocarefulnottohavenoticedthat.他那么小心他那么小心,肯定会注意到那一点的。肯定会注意到那一点的。Sheistoosadnottohelpcrying.她那么伤心，忍不住哭了。她那么伤心，忍不住哭了。Iamonlytoogladtohelpyou.我很高兴能帮助你。我很高兴能帮助你。Iamonlynevertoogladt

18、oknowyou.认识你我再高兴不过了。认识你我再高兴不过了。Marywasonlytooreadytohelpothers.玛丽总是乐于助人玛丽总是乐于助人.Youcannotbetoocarefulwhenyoudrivecar.你开车时无论怎么小心都不过分。你开车时无论怎么小心都不过分。231)分词作状语分词作状语形式形式意义意义doinghavingdonedonebeingdonehavingbeendone主动，与主句谓语动词同时或基本主动，与主句谓语动词同时或基本同时发生同时发生主动，先于谓语动词发生主动，先于谓语动词发生被动被动被动，正在进行，一般作原因状语放被动，正在进行，一

19、般作原因状语放句首句首被动，先于谓语动词发生被动，先于谓语动词发生241.表时间表时间2.表原因表原因4.表方式表方式,伴随伴随5.表结果表结果现在分词做状语3.表让步表让步251.表时间表时间2.表原因表原因4.表伴随表伴随5.表结果表结果过去分词做状语3.表条件、让步表条件、让步26A.作时间状语：作时间状语：When they heard the bad news，they couldnt help crying.=_(hear)the bad news,they couldnt help crying.When we were taken around the city,we were

20、 deeply impressed by the citys new look.When _ around the city,we were deeply impressed by the citys new look.After he finished his work,he went home._ his work,he went home.Hearing taken Having finished27B.作原因状语作原因状语：Because he was poor,he could not afford to travel abroad.=_(be poor),he could not

21、afford to travel abroad._(encourage)by his heroic deeds,they worked harder._(lose)in thought,he almost ran into a post._(frighten)by the big forest fire,the animals all ran away._(not know)her address,we couldnt get in touch with her.Being poorEncouragedLostFrightenedNot knowing28Because I hadnt rec

22、eived his letter,I decided to call him up.=_(not receive)his letter,I decided to call him up._(never be)to the city,he soon got lost.Not having receivedHaving never been29C.方式方式/伴随状语伴随状语:She watched the film,_(weep)and _(sigh).The teacher stood there,_(surround)by a lot of students.D.作条件状语作条件状语：If I

23、 were given another chance,I would have done the job far better.=_ another chance,I would have done the job far better.(If)_(play)all day,you will waste your valuable time.weepingsighingsurroundedGivenPlaying30E.作结果状语：作结果状语：(意料中的结果意料中的结果)The hunters fired,_(shoot)one of the wolves.The bus was held u

24、p by the snowstorm,thus _(cause)the delay.区别区别:不定式表示意外的结果不定式表示意外的结果 He hurried to the station,only _(find)the train had left.F.作让步状语作让步状语：Though it heavily rained heavily,it cleared up very soon.=_,it cleared up very soon.Though _(tell)of the danger,he still risked his life to save the boy.shootingc

25、ausingto findRaining heavilytold31分词作状语时分词作状语时,需注意需注意:A.分词短语作状语时分词短语作状语时,它的逻辑主语通常应是它的逻辑主语通常应是_ _(see)from the hill,the city is beautiful._(see)from the hill,you can see the whole city.B.分词短语的位置分词短语的位置:一般来说一般来说,时间时间,原因原因,条件条件,让步等分词短语多放在句首让步等分词短语多放在句首;而表结果而表结果,伴随的分词短语放在句尾伴随的分词短语放在句尾.Finding the door l

26、ocked,Tom went home.(_)Tom went home,finding the door locked.（_）主句的主语主句的主语SeenSeeing原因原因结果结果32二二.非谓语动词做状语非谓语动词做状语的解题方法的解题方法33（一）析句子结构（一）析句子结构,辨别辨别“谓语与非谓语谓语与非谓语”1._many times,but he still couldnt understand it.2._many times,he still couldnt understand it.A.Having been told B.Being told C.He had been

27、told D.Though he was toldCA注意注意连词连词34非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。（二）找（二）找逻辑主语逻辑主语1.They went into the room,laughing and talking.2.Given more time,I can do better.一一般来说，作状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的般来说，作状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的_._.主语主语 351._ from the top,the stadium lo

28、oks like a bird nest.A.Seeing B.Seen2._ from the space,the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall.A.Seeing B.Seenthe stadiumthe astronautSeenSeeing361._ different cultures,we often pay attention to the differences without noticing the mainly similarities.2._ with the size of the whole earth,the b

29、iggest ocean does not seem big at all.A.Compared B.Comparing C.To compareComparingwethe biggest oceanWe compare the biggest ocean with/to the size of the whole ocean.=The biggest ocean is compared with/to the size of the whole earth.（三）辨逻辑关系（三）辨逻辑关系即判断主被动即判断主被动Compared37（四）判动词先后（四）判动词先后 1._ the old

30、man,the young people started walking slowly.A.Followed B.Following B.C.To follow D.Having followed2._ the fruit,the girl became pregnant and gave a birth to a handsome boy.A.Having swallowed B.Swallowing B.C.To swallowFollowing Having swallowed38C1._ yourself to sunlight for too much time,you will g

31、et your skin sun-burnt._ to sunlight for too much time,your skin will be harmed.A.ExposedB.Having exposed C.ExposingD.After being exposed2._ such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the river.A.Having sufferedB.Suffering C.To suffer D.SufferedAATest yourself393.Theresearchisso

32、designedthatonce_nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun4.Findinghercarstolen,_.A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelpB.theareawassearchingthoroughlyC.itwaslookedforeverywhereD.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp5.Theideaforthenewplancametohismind,_tohisexperimentinthelab.AwhiledevotingB.wh

33、iledevotinghimselfCwhilehewasdevotedD.whiledevotedDDC40形成性检测形成性检测1.改写下列句子改写下列句子,其划线部分应改为分词短语其划线部分应改为分词短语(C级级)1.Look round when you cross the street.2.When she heard the news,she burst into laughter.3.As she was still rather weak,she could not stay up for too long.4.Gentlemen always shake hands when

34、they are introduced to each other.5.A cold rain was falling.It was mixed with snow.when crossing the streetWhen hearing the newsBeing rather weakwhen introduced to each other,mixed with snow416.While we were walking in the street,we met some friends of ours.7.The old man walked slowly.He was support

35、ed by his little grandson.8.The ground which is covered with white snow looks very beautiful.9.There is a tall tree which covers the entrance to the cave.10.The worker wrote to the police and disclosed who stole the money.coveringdisclosing4243Assoonastheyheardthebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying.Hearin

36、gthebadnews,theycouldnthelpcryingOnhearingthebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying.(doing 动作一发生,主句动作立即发生)1.表时间表时间44Whileshewasplayingthepiano,shegotveryexcited.Whileplayingthepiano,shegotveryexcited.(doing 动作进行中,主句动作发生了.这时when 或 while一般要加上。)1.表时间表时间45Havingturnedofftheradio,hebegantogooverhislessons.Aftertu

37、rningofftheradio,hebegantogooverhislessons.Afterhehadturnedofftheradio,hebegantogooverhislessons.(doing动作完成后,主句动作才发生.)1.表时间表时间46Asheforgothismanners,heputhisfeetuponthedesk.Forgettinghismanners,heputhisfeetuponthedesk.Beingsoangry,hecouldntgotosleep.(doing动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生.)Becausehewassoangry,hecoul

38、dntgotosleep.2.表原因表原因47Because/AshehadbeentotheGreatWallmanytimes,hedidntgolastweek.HavingbeentotheGreatWallmanytimes,hedidntgolastweek.(doing动作发生在主句动作之前，用doing的完成式.)2.表原因表原因48Althoughheworkedfrommorningtillnight,hedidntgetenoughfood.Althoughworkingfrommorningtillnight,hedidntgetenoughfood.(although

39、/even if/even though+doing.)3.表让步表让步49Theysangandlaughed;theycameintotheclassroom.Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.(表方式和伴随时,谓语动作是主要的,doing是次要动作.)4.表方式表方式,伴随伴随50Thebuswasheldupbythesnowstorm,soitcausedthedelay.Thebuswasheldupbythesnowstorm,causingthedelay.5.表结果表结果511.表时间表时间2.表原因表原因4.表伴随表伴随

40、5.表结果表结果过去分词做状语3.表条件、让步表条件、让步52Whenthecityisseenfromthehill,itisbeautiful.Seenfromthehill,thecityisbeautiful.1.表时间表时间53Confusedbythestonesflyingatthemfromallsides,theboysranintothebuilding.Astheboyswereconfusedbythestonesflyingatthemfromallsides,theyranintothebuilding.2.表原因表原因54Eventhoughdefeatedaga

41、in,thescientistdidntgiveup.(一般来讲,时间,原因,条件,让步状语多放与句首,结果,伴随,方式状语多放在句末.)Givenmorewater,thefishcouldntdie.3.表条件、让步表条件、让步55现在分词现在分词作状语作状语,doing与句子的与句子的主语是主语是主动关系主动关系,即主语是即主语是doing动作的动作的执行者执行者.过去分词过去分词做状语做状语,done与句子的主与句子的主语是语是被动关系被动关系,即主语是即主语是done动作动作的的承受者承受者.56分词作状语时前面可用连词分词作状语时前面可用连词1.when,while,once,if

42、,unless,though等引导的状语从句，若其主语与主句等引导的状语从句，若其主语与主句主语相同时，可保留该副词连接词，其余部分则化简为分词短语。主语相同时，可保留该副词连接词，其余部分则化简为分词短语。While walking along the street early in the morning,he saw her.一早在街上散步时，他看到了她。If falling ill,Ill see my doctor.如果生病我会去看医生。Once completed,this power station supplies the nearby towns and villages w

43、ith electricity.这个电站一旦建成，将向附近的城乡供电。Even though given every opportunity,they would not try.即使给他们一切机会，他们也不肯试一试。Though knowing the truth,he remained silent.虽然他知道实情，却保持沉默。Unless invited,I am not going abroad.除非受到邀请，要不然我是不会出国的。57分词或分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句中的主语相同（即保持一致）,否则句子是错误的。Entering the room,I found the wa

44、lls newly-painted.我走进房间时，发现墙壁油漆一新。Entering the room，the first thing that met eyes was the newly-painted wallsBadly wounded,the soldier was sent to hospital at once 士兵受了重伤，立即被送到医院。Badly wounded，we sent the soldier to hospital at once Being very busy，I could not afford the time to go to the cinema我因为太

45、忙，不能花时间去看电影了。Being very busy，the film tickets were given to others（对）（对）（对）（对）（对）（对）（错）（错）（错）（错）（错）（错）5859一一.非谓语动词做状语的形式：非谓语动词做状语的形式：二二.doing/havingdone三三.done/havingbeendone四四.todo/tobedone五五.二二.做题方法：做题方法：析句子结构，找逻辑主语，析句子结构，找逻辑主语，辩逻辑关系，判动词先后辩逻辑关系，判动词先后六六.三三.高考易混点高考易混点60三三.非谓语动词做状语非谓语动词做状语高考易混点高考易混点6

46、11.(only)to do 和和(thus)doing 做结果状语做结果状语1.Hisparentsdied,_himanorphan.A.leftB.leavingC.leaveD.toleave2.Herushedtothetrainstation,only_thetrainhadgone.A.findingB.foundC.findsD.tofind (only)to do 出乎意料出乎意料,意料之外意料之外 (thus)doing 顺其自然顺其自然,意料之中意料之中做结果做结果状语时状语时622.doing做伴随状语和做伴随状语和todo做目的状语做目的状语1).The secret

47、ary worked late into night,_a long speech.(prepare)The secretary worked late into night _ a long speech.2)Write to the editor,_ that the editor would be able to help her（hope）preparinghopingto prepare,633.taste,feel,smell,taste，为感官动词，常用现，为感官动词，常用现在分词做定语或状语。没有被动语态。在分词做定语或状语。没有被动语态。1._delicious,theapp

48、lessellswell.A.TastedB.TastingC.TotasteD.Havingbeentasted2._sweet,theflowersinthebotanicgardenattractedthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.TosmellB.SmellingC.SmeltD.Tobesmelt644.4.非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致主句主语保持一致.1）.Facedwithabillfor$10,000，_.（2006陕西卷）陕西卷）A.Johnhastakenanextrajo

49、bB.thebosshasgivenJohnanextrajobC.anextrajobhasbeentakenD.anextrajobhasbeengiventoJohn2).Whilewatchingtelevision，_.（2005全国卷全国卷III）A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellringswatchingFacedwith653.It _ a hot day,wed better go swimming.4._arainyday;wedecidednotto

50、gothere.A.isB.tobeC.beingB.D.ItbeingE.ItwasF.beenCE注意标点符号注意标点符号661.When _ help,one often says,“Can I help you?”2.A.offering B.to offer C.to be offered D.offered2.When _ help,one often says,“Thank you.”or “Its kind of you.”A.offering B.to offer C.to be offered D.offered3.Generally speaking,_according