高中非谓语动词课件幻灯片.ppt
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1、非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解NonfiniteVerbs1非谓语动词动名词动名词分词分词现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词动词不定式动词不定式21.谓语动词:谓语动词:概述:概述:2.非谓语动词:非谓语动词:在句子中担任谓语的动词在句子中担任谓语的动词是动词的特殊形式,在句中可以是动词的特殊形式,在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分作除谓语外的所有成分一个句子一个句子一个句子一个句子当中,当中,当中,当中,已经存在一个已经存在一个已经存在一个已经存在一个主句主句主句主句(谓语动词)(谓语动词)(谓语动词)(谓语动词),又没有又没有又没有又没有连词连词连词连词的情况下的情况下的情况下的情况下,还有别的动
2、词出现时还有别的动词出现时还有别的动词出现时还有别的动词出现时。非谓语动词使用条件非谓语动词使用条件Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,but leftherhandbagonherseat.31Theteacherssittingtherearefromotherschools.表语表语2Wesawsometeacherssittingthere.宾语补足语宾语补足语3Weneedtobeactiveinclass.宾语宾语谓语谓语宾语宾语主语主语定语定语连系动词连系动词非谓语动词大都可在句中作主非谓语动词大都
3、可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等定语、状语等.44.Toseeyouisglad.=Itsgladtoseeyou.5.Iwanttoseeyou.6.Iwanthimtoseeyou.7.Myhopeistoseeyou.8.Heisthemantoseeyou.9.Imgladtoseeyou.10.Iwenttoseeyou.11.Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou(作主语)(作主语)(作宾语)作宾语)(作宾补)(作宾补)(作表语)作表语)(作定语)(作定语)(作原因状语)(作原因状语)(作目的状语)(作目的状语)(作结果状语)
4、(作结果状语)512.Swimmingishisfavouritesport.13.Heenjoysswimming.14.Ifoundhimswimmingintheriver.15.Hisfavouritesportisswimming.16.Heisthemanswimmingintheriverjustnow.17.SwimminginSummer,wecangetcool.(作主语)作主语)(作宾语)作宾语)(作宾补)作宾补)(作表语)作表语)(作状语)作状语)(作定语)作定语)6动词不定式(动词不定式(TheInfinitive)一一.动词不定式的基本构成:动词不定式的基本构成:由
5、不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成肯定式:肯定式:todosth否定式:否定式:nottodosth.被动式:被动式:tobedone完成式:完成式:tohavedone二二.动词不定式的句法作用法动词不定式的句法作用法动词不定式有副词,形容词和动词不定式有副词,形容词和名词的特征,因此在句中可作名词的特征,因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语定语、状语等成份。语定语、状语等成份。7动动词词不不定定式式Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。IwanttoseeyouthiseveningAllyouhavetodois
6、tofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwateraftertheoperation.主语主语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语状语状语宾补宾补8(1)作主语作主语 不定式做主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词之前。不定式做主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词之前。Toseeistobelieve Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.注:注:常用常用it做形式主语,将做形式主语,将todo放在位于放在位于之后,使句子保持平衡。之后,使句子保持平衡
7、。句型句型1:It+谓语谓语+todoIttakesusanhour_gettherebybus.句型句型2:Its+n.+todoItsourduty_helpthepoor.Itisagreatenjoyment_spendourholidayinthemountains9句型句型3:Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsbtodosth(是形容人的品质的是形容人的品质的)(是形容事物的性质的是形容事物的性质的)Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisagreatho
8、norforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.Itsimpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.Youareverykindtogivemesomehelp.youareimpolitetospeaktotheteacherlikethat.10常见动词有:常见动词有:口诀:想要决定同意,希望许诺选择口诀:想要决定同意,希望许诺选择want,decide,hope,agree,choose,wish,need,promise(2)作宾语作宾语 Iwantto
9、knowthismatter.like,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,seem,intend,prefer,forget,mean,prepare,pretend,continue,start,afford,hate等等Idontexpecttomeetyouhere.1).接不定式做宾语接不定式做宾语1.Theywanted_(get)onthebus,didntthey?1.Theywanted_(get)onthebus,didntthey?2.Hesaidhewished_(be
10、)aprofessor.2.Hesaidhewished_(be)aprofessor.3.Iagreed_(go)therewiththedoctor.3.Iagreed_(go)therewiththedoctor.4.Mydaughterpreferred_(dance)when4.Mydaughterpreferred_(dance)whenshewasinhertwenties.shewasinhertwenties.5.Hehadpromised_(give)meahand.5.Hehadpromised_(give)meahand.11B.常跟疑问词常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词
11、不定式作宾语的动词:tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explainknow,show,discover,see(understand)Hetaughtushowtousethetool.Noonecouldtellmewheretogetthebook.Ihopeyoulladvisemewhattodo.Idontknowhowtogetthere.Ihaventdecidedwhethertogoorstay.12beginstartcontinue+tododoing注意下列动词注意下列动词13likelovehat
12、epreferlearn+tododoing14rememberforgetregret+tododoing15trymeanstopgoon+161.Boys,dontforget_thewindowsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.A.closingB.closedC.toclosingD.toclose2.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_onabigrock.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest4.Remember_thelightswhenyouleavetheoffice.A.totu
13、rnoffB.turningoffC.turnoffD.toturningoff17(3)作宾语补足语作宾语补足语(与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系)1.Mothertoldme_comebackbefore10oclock.2.Illgetsomeone_repairtherecorderforyou.3.Whatcausedhim_changehismind?4.Iwishyou_comeassoonaspossible.5.Heaskedme_dotheworkwithhim18adviseallowaskbegcauseexpectenc
14、ourageforcegethateinviteorderwishobligewantwarnremindpromisepermitpersuaderequestsb.todo19seewatchlookathearlistentofeelnotice+sb.+dodoingdonemakelethave20sb.beseenwatchedlookedatheardlistenedtofeltnoticed+todomadelet212).Ioftenhearthem(sing)thissong.Didyounoticeanyone(come)in?Iwouldhavehim(wait)for
15、meforalongtime.Lookatthehorsejump.注意:注意:当这类动词转为被动语态时,当这类动词转为被动语态时,其后的不定式则要加上其后的不定式则要加上“to”如:如:Heisoftenheard_thesongHewasseen_theroom.tosingtoenter224.it作形式宾语作形式宾语Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminterestingIfind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim注意:注意:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后
16、,而用把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后,而用it作形式宾语。作形式宾语。Subject+find/think/feel/make/considerit+adj/n+todosth.1.Wethought_better_startearly.2.Doyouconsider_betternot_go?3.Ifeel_myduty_changeallthat.4.Wethink_important_obeythelaw.5.Iknow_impossible_finishsomuchhomeworkinaday.23用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空,使句子完整、正确用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空,使句子完
17、整、正确。1.Letme_(help)you_(water)theflowers.2.LittleSandywouldlove_(take)tothecinemathisevening.3.Thoughheoftenmadehisdeskmate_(cry),todayhewasmade_(cry)byhisdeskmate.4.Isawhim_intothesmallstore.A.wentB.goingC.togoD.hasgone5.Telltheboy_outofthewindow.A.nottolookB.tonotlookC.dontlookD.notlookhelp(to)wat
18、ertotakecrytocry24 5.I have something to tell you.(不定式作不定式作定语定语)1)不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系 Do you have anything to wash today?Do you have anything to be washed today?(区别主被动)区别主被动)2)不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容 I have no chance to go there.3)被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语 She is the last to leave t
19、he room.4)不定式为不及物动词时,须加介词不定式为不及物动词时,须加介词 He is looking for a room to live in.251.Thehouseisnotbigenoughforusall_.A.toliveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forlivingin2.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife_?A.tocutthefruitwithB.tocutthefruitC.cuttingthefruitD.cuttingthefruitwith3.Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.pleasefi
20、ndapieceofpaper(写上)(写上)4.Excuseme,couldIuseyourpenforamoment?Ihavenopen(写)(写)towriteontowritewith动词不定式做定语动词不定式做定语26注意:注意:如果不定式是不及物的,它后面就应有必要的介词。如:如果不定式是不及物的,它后面就应有必要的介词。如:HeislookingforaroomtoliveinPleasegivemeaknifetocutwith(5)作状语作状语表示目的、原因、结果或条件。表示目的、原因、结果或条件。IcameheretoseeyouWewereveryexcitedtohe
21、arthenewsHehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.Tolookathim,youwouldlikehim(目的目的)(原因原因)(结果结果)(条件条件)27动名词动名词(gerund)一一.动名词的基本构成动名词的基本构成主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone二二.动名词的性质动名词的性质动名词既具有动词的特点有具有名词的特点,具体表现为:动名词既具有动词的特点有具有名词的特点,具体表现为:1.动名词可以被定冠词和物主代词修饰动名词可以被定冠词和物主代词修饰Ihopeyoudontmi
22、ndmysayingit.282.动名词可带有自己的宾语和状语动名词可带有自己的宾语和状语Areyoufororagainsthavingthemeeting.Iinsistedonleavingatonce.三三.动名词的功用动名词的功用1.可作主语可作主语SeeingisbelievingReading newspaperscanincreaseourknowledge.no use no good no fun Its+a shame +doing a waste of time/money useless dangerousThereisno+doing.Itisnousecrying
23、.ItisnogoodobjectingLookingafterthepatientsisanursesjob.Itsdangerousplayingwithfire.Itsawasteoftimecopyingothershomework.Thereisnojokingaboutthematter.292.可作宾语可作宾语S.+vt.+doingHave you finished reading the book?I suggest doing it in a different way.在某些动词后要求用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式,常见的在某些动词后要求用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式,常见的
24、这类动词有:这类动词有:避免错过避免错过(少)延期延期avoidmissdelay/postpone建议完成建议完成(多)练习练习suggest/advisefinishpractise喜欢想象喜欢想象禁不住禁不住enjoy/appreciate/imagine/resist/canthelp承认承认否定否定(与)嫉妒嫉妒admitdenyenvy逃脱逃脱冒险冒险(莫)原谅原谅escape/envy/risk/pardon/excuse忍受忍受保持保持(不)在意在意standkeep/keeponmind注:在动词注:在动词advise,allow,advise,allow,forbid(fo
25、rbid(禁止禁止),permitpermit(允许)(允许)等后,如果没有人称宾语,后跟等后,如果没有人称宾语,后跟动名词;如果有人称宾语则后跟动名词;如果有人称宾语则后跟不定式。例如不定式。例如 Wedontallowpeopletofish here.我们不准人们在这儿钓鱼。我们不准人们在这儿钓鱼。People arenot allowedtofish here.人们不准在这儿钓鱼。人们不准在这儿钓鱼。30prefer.to.lookforwardtobeusedtoputoffgiveupS.+keepon+doingsucceedincanthelpfeellikebebusybew
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