2022年TED英文演讲：有选择困难症的人.docx

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1、2022TED英文演讲：有选择困难症的人这篇演讲或许能真正变更你的人生。我该追寻何种职业?我应当分手，还是结婚?我应当住在哪?这样的重要确定如此难以选择，熬煎人心。但哲学家张美露认为，这是因为我们的思索方式错误。她供应了一种有力的新模式来帮助塑造真正的自我。下面是我为大家收集关于TED英文演讲：有选择困难症的人，欢迎借鉴参考。| 中英文演讲稿 |1.Think of a hard choice you'll face in the near future.想想你在不久的将来会面临的艰难选择。2.It might be between two careers - artist and a

2、ccountant - or places to live - the city or the country - or even between two people to marry -这或许是在两份职业中做出一个选择， 艺术家还是会计师; 或许是选择居住的地方，城市还是乡村; 或许是在两个人中3.you could marry Betty or you could marry Lolita.选择和谁结婚，Betty 或者是Lolita;4.Or it might be a choice about whether to have children, to have an ailing p

3、arent move in with you, to raise your child in a religion抑或思索是否要孩子; 是否让年老体衰的父母跟你一起住; 是否让你的孩子信奉5.that your partner lives by but leaves you cold.即便你会因自身不信奉而被冷落;6.Or whether to donate your life savings to charity.又或者说，是否将毕生积储捐赠给慈善机构。7.Chances are, the hard choice you thought of was something big, somet

4、hing momentous, something that matters to you.有可能，你所思索的这些艰难选择 都非常浩大，非常重要 你也非常重视。8.Hard choices seem to be occasions for agonizing, hand-wringing, the gnashing of teeth.每当困难的选择出现， 他都会让你感到苦痛、无望， 让你咬牙切齿。9.But I think we've misunderstood hard choices and the role they play in our lives.但我认为我们误会了艰难选择

5、的定义， 更误会了其在我们生活中扮演的角色。10.Understanding hard choices uncovers a hidden power each of us possesses.倘如能理解这些艰难确定， 我们每个人便会发掘出 一种隐藏的潜力。11.What makes a choice hard is the way the alternatives relate.一个选择之所以难 是由于选项之间相互关联。12.In any easy choice, one alternative is better than the other.任何简洁的选择中， 总有一种选择比另一种要好。

6、13.In a hard choice, one alternative is better in some ways, the other alternative is better in other ways, and neither is better than the other overall.可在艰难选择中， 一种选择在某些方面较好， 另一种选择在其他方面较好， 二者各有千秋让人无法定夺。14.You agonize over whether to stay in your current job in the city or uproot your life for more c

7、hallenging work in the country because staying is better in some ways,你苦痛地纠结于 应当接着呆在这座城市里干这份工作， 还是变更一下你的生活方式 到乡村去接受更具挑战性的工作， 因为留下有留下的好处，15.moving is better in others, and neither is better than the other overall.离开也有好处， 两种选择各有千秋难以定夺。16.We shouldn't think that all hard choices are big.我们不应当认为全部的艰

8、难选择都很浩大。17.Let's say you're deciding what to have for breakfast.打个比方，你正确定吃什么早餐。18.You could have high fiber bran cereal or a chocolate donut.你可以吃高纤维全谷干麦片， 或者吃巧克力甜甜圈。19.Suppose what matters in the choice is tastiness and healthfulness.假设在此选择中的确定性因素20.The cereal is better for you, the donut ta

9、stes way better, but neither is better than the other overall, a hard choice.麦片对你身体好， 甜甜圈却好吃许多， 但两者都有自身优势， 这就是一个艰难选择。21.Realizing that small choices can also be hard may make big hard choices seem less intractable.假如意识到小的选择 也可能会变得困难， 那面对大的艰难选择时我们可能就不会觉得那么麻烦了。22.After all, we manage to figure out wha

10、t to have for breakfast, so maybe we can figure out whether to stay in the city or uproot for the new job in the country.终归，我们总能确定早餐吃什么， 所以我们或许能够想明白， 原委要留在市区， 还是到乡下接手新的工作。23.We also shouldn't think that hard choices are hard because we are stupid.同时，我们也不应当觉得，选择之所以难 是因为自己很愚蠢。24.When I graduated f

11、rom college, I couldn't decide between two careers, philosophy and law.在我刚高校毕业的时候， 我无法从两种职业中选择， 哲学还是法律。25.I really loved philosophy.我真心喜爱哲学，26.There are amazing things you can learn as a philosopher, and all from the comfort of an armchair.若能成为哲学家， 便能学到许多惊异的东西， 而且舒舒适服地坐在椅子上就好。27.But I came from

12、a modest immigrant family where my idea of luxury was having a pork tongue and jelly sandwich in my school lunchbox,可我诞生自一个朴实简素的移民家庭， 我对奢侈的概念， 就是能在上学的午餐盒里 找到一块猪舌和一份果冻三明治。28.so the thought of spending my whole life sitting around in armchairs just thinking, well, that struck me as the height of extra

13、vagance and frivolity.所以这种一辈子 仅坐在椅子上思索的想法， 其实，对我来说只是一种奢侈和轻浮的假象罢了。29.So I got out my yellow pad, I drew a line down the middle, and I tried my best to think of the reasons for and against each alternative.所以我拿出自己黄色笔记本， 在中间划了一条线， 然后竭尽所能地写出 每种选择的利与弊。30.I remember thinking to myself, if only I knew what

14、 my life in each career would be like.当时我就想： 假如能知道选择某种职业后 我的人生会变成怎样就好了。31.If only God or Netflix would send me a DVD of my two possible future careers, I'd be set.假如上帝或者网飞公司能送我一张DVD 来向我描述这两种充溢可能性的职业生涯，那我就能做出选择了。32.I'd compare them side by side, I'd see that one was better, and the choice

15、 would be easy.我就能一一对比， 看看哪种更好， 这样一来选择就简洁多了。33.But I got no DVD, and because I couldn't figure out which was better, I did what many of us do in hard choices: I took the safest option.但我没有收到这种DVD， 而且由于我实在想不出哪一种更优， 我就和大多数人一样： 选择了最平安的一项。34.Fear of being an unemployed philosopher led me to become a

16、 lawyer, and as I discovered, lawyering didn't quite fit.成为失业哲学家的恐惊， 驱使我成了一名律师。 可后来我发觉， 当律师不大适合我，35.It wasn't who I was.这不是真正的我。36.So now I'm a philosopher, and I study hard choices, and I can tell you that fear of the unknown, while a common motivational default所以我现在是名哲学家， 我钻研艰难选择， 我可以告

17、知大家，对未知产生恐惊 是在进行困难选择时的自然反应，37.in dealing with hard choices, rests on a misconception of them.而这种恐惊 来源于对艰难选择的误会。38.It's a mistake to think that in hard choices, one alternative really is better than the other, but we're too stupid to know which, and since we don't know which, we might as

18、well我们不应当认为，在艰难选择中 某种选择总会会比另一种好， 可我们自身太愚蠢，所以无法辨别， 那既然我们无法定夺，39.take the least risky option.倒不如选风险最小的那项。40.Even taking two alternatives side by side with full information, a choice can still be hard.就算你完全了解了两种选项 并将其一一比照，你仍旧很难确定。41.Hard choices are hard not because of us or our ignorance; they're

19、hard because there is no best option.选择之所以难， 不是因为我们无知; 难的缘由在于没有最优选项。42.Now, if there's no best option, if the scales don't tip in favor of one alternative over another, then surely the alternatives must be equally good.那么，假如没有最佳项， 假如衡量的天秤不会倾向于 任何一方， 那么任何选项都肯定是好的。43.So maybe the right thing t

20、o say in hard choices is that they're between equally good options.所以面对艰难选择，可能正确的思维方式， 就是认为选项双方一样好。44.But that can't be right.这种想法确定不对。45.If alternatives are equally good, you should just flip a coin between them, and it seems a mistake to think, here's how you should decide between care

21、ers,假如选项都一样好， 那还不如干脆抛硬币算了， 这样就会产生思想误区， 让你认为自己选择事业、46.places to live, people to marry: Flip a coin.住处、婚嫁时都抛硬币选择就好了。47.There's another reason for thinking that hard choices aren't choices between equally good options.还有另外一个缘由， 使艰难选择 并非是在同等好的选项中选择。48.Suppose you have a choice between two jobs:

22、you could be an investment banker or a graphic artist.假设你要在两份工作中选择： 你可以做投资银行家， 或做平面设计师。49.There are a variety of things that matter in such a choice, like the excitement of the work, achieving financial security, having time to raise a family, and so on.在这个选择当中有颇多确定性因素， 譬如工作带来的兴奋程度、 能获得的经济保障、 顾家时间等等

23、。50.Maybe the artist's career puts you on the cutting edge of new forms of pictorial expression.或许艺术家这个职业 能让你接触最前沿的 图像表达技术。51.Maybe the banking career puts you on the cutting edge of new forms of financial manipulation.或许当银行家 你就能接触最前端的 金融操纵手段。52.Imagine the two jobs however you like so that neit

24、her is better than the other.你可以想象任何两种你喜爱的职业， 但两者都不会比另一方好的。53.Now suppose we improve one of them a bit.现在，假设我们能略微改进其中的一方。54.Suppose the bank, wooing you, adds 500 dollars a month to your salary.假设一间银行尝试讨好你， 在你的月薪里增加500美元。55.Does the extra money now make the banking job better than the artist one?这一笔

25、额外的金钱会不会让这份银行家的工作 优于当艺术家呢?56.Not necessarily.说不准。57.A higher salary makes the banking job better than it was before, but it might not be enough to make being a banker better than being an artist.更高的薪酬让银行家的工作 优于以前， 但额外薪水不肯定足够让 成为银行家变得比成为艺术家好。58.But if an improvement in one of the jobs doesn't mak

26、e it better than the other, then the two original jobs could not have been equally good.可假如对其中一种职业进行改进后 结果并没有让一方优于另一方， 那么两种选择本身 就不行能是一样好。59.If you start with two things that are equally good, and you improve one of them, it now must be better than the other.假如两件事一起先都同等的好 ， 当你改进了其中一件， 那它就肯定会优于另一个。60.

27、That's not the case with options in hard choices.在艰难选择中并非如此。61.So now we've got a puzzle.那么现在我们就有一个怀疑了。62.We've got two jobs.这两份工作，63.Neither is better than the other, nor are they equally good.没有一方能完胜另一方， 但又不是同等的好。64.So how are we supposed to choose?原委该怎么选择呢?65.Something seems to have g

28、one wrong here.貌似有些事情出错了。66.Maybe the choice itself is problematic and comparison is impossible.可能选项的本身就存在问题， 导致我们无法比较。67.But that can't be right.但这也不对啊。68.It's not like we're trying to choose between two things that can't be compared.我们并不是要在 两种不能被对比的事物间选择。69.We're weighing the m

29、erits of two jobs, after all, not the merits of the number nine and a plate of fried eggs.我们说究竟是在衡量两份工作的利弊， 不是对比数字9和 一盘煎鸡蛋的好处。70.A comparison of the overall merits of two jobs is something we can make, and one we often do make.对比两份工作的总体优势 是我们能做到的， 也是我们常常做的事。71.I think the puzzle arises because of an

30、 unreflective assumption we make about value.我认为怀疑产生的缘由 源于一种我们对价值的 草率设想。72.We unwittingly assume that values like justice, beauty, kindness, are akin to scientific quantities, like length, mass and weight.我们不知不觉地认为， 诸如正义、漂亮、和善的价值观 都与一些科学度量类似，都能被量度， 譬如长度、质量、重量。73.Take any comparative question not inv

31、olving value, such as which of two suitcases is heavier.试想一个与价值观毫不相关的比较， 例如两个行李箱中哪个更重。74.There are only three possibilities.仅有三种可能性。75.The weight of one is greater, lesser or equal to the weight of the other.其中一个的重量大于、小于 或等于另一个。76.Properties like weight can be represented by real numbers - one, two,

32、 three and so on - and there are only three possible comparisons像重量这样的性质能够 用真实的数字来表达1,2,3 而且在两个数字间的比较中77.between any two real numbers.只有三种可能。78.One number is greater, lesser, or equal to the other.一个数字大于、小于 或等于另一个数字。79.Not so with values.价值观却不是如此。80.As post-Enlightenment creatures, we tend to assume

33、 that scientific thinking holds the key to everything of importance in our world,作为后启蒙时期的生物， 我们总是设想 科学思维可以解决 世界上一切重要的问题，81.but the world of value is different from the world of science.但价值观的世界 不同于科学的世界。82.The stuff of the one world can be quantified by real numbers.科学界中， 一切事物可被数字度量。83.The stuff of t

34、he other world can't.可价值观的世界中却不能。84.We shouldn't assume that the world of is, of lengths and weights, has the same structure as the world of ought, of what we should do.我们不能认为 充斥着是否、长度和重量的数字世界 与该不该和该做什么的价值世界 有着同样的架构。85.So if what matters to us - a child's delight, the love you have for y

35、our partner can't be represented by real numbers, then there's no reason to believe所以，假如我们觉得重要的东西， 如：孩子的华蜜、对另一半的爱， 不能用数字来表示， 那么我们就没有理由信任，86.that in choice, there are only three possibilities - that one alternative is better, worse or equal to the other.在选择过程中只有三种可能性： 其中一选项总会优于、劣于或等于 另一项。87.W

36、e need to introduce a new, fourth relation beyond being better, worse or equal, that describes what's going on in hard choices.我们须要一种全新的思索维度，第四种关系 除了优于、劣于和等于之外， 第四种关系能描述艰难选择的运行模式。88.I like to say that the alternatives are on a par.我偏好把各选项看做 等价。89.When alternatives are on a par, it may matter ver

37、y much which you choose, but one alternative isn't better than the other.当全部选项等价时， 你的选择就变得极为重要， 但选项本身却没有哪个比其他的好。90.Rather, the alternatives are in the same neighborhood of value, in the same league of value, while at the same time being very different反之，全部的选择项 都有类似的价值， 都处于同一种价值范畴当中， 但同时他们又具有91.i

38、n kind of value.不同的价值。92.That's why the choice is hard.这正是让选择变得困难的缘由。93.Understanding hard choices in this way uncovers something about ourselves we didn't know.如此理解艰难选择， 我们就会在自己身上发觉一些意料之外的东西。94.Each of us has the power to create reasons.我们每个人都有实力 去创建理由。95.Imagine a world in which every choi

39、ce you face is an easy choice, that is, there's always a best alternative.想象一下若在某个世界中 你只需面对简洁选择， 那么，恒久都有最佳项。96.If there's a best alternative, then that's the one you should choose, because part of being rational is doing the better thing rather than the worse thing,若有最佳项， 你就应当选它， 因为保持理智

40、就意味着选好的不选坏的，97.choosing what you have most reason to choose.选最合理的。98.In such a world, we'd have most reason to wear black socks instead of pink socks, to eat cereal instead of donuts, to live in the city rather than the country,在这样的世界里， 我们有足够的理由 去穿黑袜子而不穿粉色袜子， 去吃干麦片不吃甜甜圈， 去留在城市里不转向乡区，101.to marry

41、 Betty instead of Lolita.去娶Betty而不娶Lolita。101.A world full of only easy choices would enslave us to reasons.充溢简洁选择的世界， 会让我们成为原由的奴隶。101.When you think about it, it's nuts to believe that the reasons given to you dictated that you had most reason to pursue the exact hobbies you do,当你这样想， 你会发觉自己肯定是

42、疯了才会信任 摆在你面前的选择 会确定你追寻各种事物的理由， 会确定你的爱好，102.to live in the exact house you do, to work at the exact job you do.让你住现在的房子， 让你选现在的工作。103.Instead, you faced alternatives that were on a par hard choices and you made reasons for yourself to choose that hobby, that house and that job.事实上，当你面对的是多个选择， 多个等价的选择

43、，困难的选择， 你会为自己制造理由 来选择这项爱好、这所房子和这份工作。104.When alternatives are on a par, the reasons given to us, the ones that determine whether we're making a mistake, are silent as to what to do.当各选项等价时， 我们面前的各种理性原由， 这些让我们分清对错的原由， 都无法赐予我们一个答案。105.It's here, in the space of hard choices, that we get to exe

44、rcise our normative power, the power to create reasons for yourself, to make yourself唯有在这个有艰难选择的世界里， 我们才能熬炼自己的 规范性力气， 以创建自我的原由， 让自己变成106.into the kind of person for whom country living is preferable to the urban life.心中想成为的人， 一种更宠爱乡村生活 而不是城市生活的人。107.When we choose between options that are on a par,

45、we can do something really rather remarkable.当我们须要 在等价选项间选择时， 我们能做出一些非常了不得的事。108.We can put our very selves behind an option.我们能把自身放在一个选项之后。109.Here's where I stand.(说道)这就是我的选择，110.Here's who I am. I am for banking.这就是我。我选银行业。111.I am for chocolate donuts.我选巧克力甜甜圈。112.This response in hard c

46、hoices is a rational response, but it's not dictated by reasons given to us.在艰难选择中，这种反应 是一种理性反应， 但却不是由我们面前的各种原由所确定的。113.Rather, it's supported by reasons created by us.反而，这是由我们自己创建的理由所支撑起来的。114.When we create reasons for ourselves to become this kind of person rather than that, we wholeheartedly become the people that we are.当我们为自我创建原由 去成为这种人而非那种人时， 我们就打心底里完完全全地成就了真正的自己。115.You might say that we become the authors of our own lives.你可以说， 我们成了谱写自我人生篇章的作者。116.So when we face hard choices, we shouldn't beat our head against a wall trying to