2022初中教案北师版初二（下）英语第10讲：Unit5语法篇（ 解析版）.doc

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1、Unit 5 语法篇_学生通过本讲学习，能够掌握本单元的重点词汇句型，并在综合能力上有一定的拓展。直接引语变间接引语（一）人称: “一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如: She said. My brother wants to go with me. She said her brother wanted to go with her. “二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引

2、号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如: He said to Kate. How is your sister now?He asked Kate how her sister was then。 “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如: Mr Smith said。 Jack is a good worker。Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。 （二）时态: 直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。如: 1)She said. I have lost a p

3、en.She said she had lost a pen 2)She said. We hope so.She said they hoped so. (1) 一般现在时变为一般过去时 (2) 现在进行时变为过去进行时 (3) 一般将来时变为过去将来时 (4) 现在完成时变为过去完成时 (5) 一般过去时变为过去完成时(6) 过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时 但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。 直接引语是客观真理。 The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the

4、teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。 直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如: Jack said. John, where were you going when I met you in the street?Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。 直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如: Xiao

5、 Wang said. I was born on April 2l, 1980。 Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如: He said, I get up at six every morning。 He said he gets up at six every morning。 如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例:ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，(例:could, should, would,

6、 might)不再变。如: Peter said. You had better come have today。 Peter said I had better go there that day。 （三）如何变状语: 直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规津，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”(例:now变为then, yesterday。变为 the day before)地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”(例:this 改为that),如: He said, These books are mine. He said those books were h

7、is. 指示代词 thisthese thesethose 表示时间的词 nowthen todaythat day this week(month ,etc)that week (month ,etc) yesterdaythe day before last week(month ,etc)the week(month ,etc) before three days (a year ,etc) agothree days (a year. etc) before tomorrowthe next (following ) day next week (month ,etc)the next

8、 (following ) week (month ,etc) 表地点的词 herethere 动词 bringtake comego （四）句型: 直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如:She said, Our bus will arrive in five minutes.She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes. 直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如:He said, Can you swim, John? He asked J

9、ohn if he could swim. You have finished the homework, havent you? my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework. Do you go to school by bus or by bike? He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike. 直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句(宾语从句必须用陈述句语序)。 She asked me, When

10、 do they have their dinner? She asked me when they had their dinner. 直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth.句型。如: Dont make any noise, she said to the children. She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. Bring me a cup of tea, please, said she.She asked him to bring

11、her a cup of tea. 直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词(或从句)。”如: He said, Lets go to the film. He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.1.She said to me that_ might keep_ book for two days.Ashe; this BI; that CI; this Dyou; that2. - We said to her, The

12、yre walking through the street now.- We told her that _through the street _.Awe were walking; thenByou are walking; nowCthey were walking; thenDthey walking; now3. The man thought, I shall take it back tomorrow.The man thought that _take it back_.AI shall; tomorrow BI shall; the next dayChe should;

13、tomorrowDhe would; the next day4.He said, Mother, the boy is very naughty. He _ very naughty.Asaid his mother that the boy wasBsaid to his mother that the boy isCtold his mother that the boy wasDspoke to his mother that the boy was5.Mrs Johnson said, “I drew the picture last week.”Mrs Johnson said t

14、hat _the picture_ .Ashe drew; the week beforeBI had drawn; that weekCshe had drawn; the week beforeDI drew; the last week解析：1. 直接引语变间接引语时, 代词要发生相应的变化, you 变成I,this变成that.故选B2. 直接引语改间接引语要注意前后时态的一致。主句是一般过去时,从句也要改成相应的过去时。now要改成then.故选C3. 主句为一般过去时,从句原来为将来时,要改成相应的过去将来时,同时人称和情态动词也要进行相应的变化故选D4. 句意:他跟妈妈说那个男

15、孩很淘气。陈述句变间接引语时,主句动词可以用tell;主句动词用一般过去时,间接引语也应用相应的过去时态,故答案选C5. 主句是一般过去时,从句的动作发生在主句之前,要用现在完成时。同时时间状语也要相应地改变故选C基础演练一 单选1.He said that he _ English for four years.A. has learned B. had learnedC. is learning D. was learning2.Mr. Smith said he _ very grateful to us for our kindness.A. were B. was C. is D.

16、am3.John said that _ wife always _ coffee for breakfast.A. himdrank B. herdrankC. hisdrink D. hisdrank4.The teacher told Tom to finish_ homework on time.A. his B. him C. her D. hers5.The teacher said that he must bring _ book to the classroom.A. he B. him C. his D. she6. He said he _ this book.A. li

17、ke B. likes C. liked D. liking7.He said that he _ her the day before.A. saw B. seen C. sees D. had seen8.He said to me he _tired.A. is B. was C. were D. be9. She said that he _ waiting for an hour.A. has been B. have beenC. had been D. was been10. He said the I _ changed much.A. havent B. hasntC. ha

18、dnt D. to be havent答案：1-5 BBDAC 6-10 CDBCC二、用单词正确形式填空1 He told me that he _(leave)his book in his room.2 She _(say)that he would be busy.3 She asked Tom whether he _(can)help her.4 She asked me whether that book was _(I)or his.5 The teacher asked me how I _(repair)it.6 The teacher _(tell)the student

19、s not to _(waste)their time.7 The mother asked Tom _(get)up early.8 The teacher said that the earth _(go)round the sun.9 My father said practice _(make)perfect.10 The boy told _(we)he usually gets up at six every day. 答案; 1He told me that he had left his book in his room.2 She said that he would be

20、busy.3 She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.4 She asked me whether that book was mine or his.5 The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.6 The teacher told the students not to waste their time.7 The mother asked Tom to get up early.8 The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.9 My fa

21、ther said practice makes perfect.10 The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.巩固提高把下列句子直接引语变间接引语1 He said, “Ive left my book in my room.”_2 She asked me, “Is this book yours or his?”_3 The teacher asked, “How did you repair it?”_4 She said, “He will be busy.”_5 She said to Tom, “Can you he

22、lp me?”_6 The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”_7 My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”_8 The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.”_9 He said, “We are still students.”_10. He said to me, “I was born in 1978.”_答案：1 He told me that he had left his book in his room.2 She

23、 said that he would be busy.3 She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.4 She asked me whether that book was mine or his.5 The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.6 The teacher told the students not to waste their time.7 The mother asked Tom to get up early.8 The teacher said that the earth goe

24、s round the sun.9 My father said practice makes perfect.10 The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.1.“I am a teacher,” Jack said. Jack said _.Athat I am a teacher BI was a teacher Cthat he is a teacher Dhe was a teacher2.My cousin said, “I went to a concert three days ago.” My cousin tol

25、d me that _ _a concert _.Ahe; had gone to; three days beforeBhe; went to; three days agoCI; had gone to; three days agoDI; went to; three days before3.She said she would return the dictionary to me _.Atomorrow Blast day Cthe next day Dnext day4.- The earth goes round the sun.- What did he say? I cou

26、ldnt hear him.- _.AHe says the earth goes round the sunBHe said the earth goes round the sunCHe said the earth went round the sunDHe says the earth went round the sun5.He said to me, “You will pass the exam tomorrow.”He_ me that _the exam _.Asaid to; he would pass; the next dayBtold; he would; next

27、dayCsaid to; I would pass; next dayDtold; I would pass; the next day6.- Helen, I will come this morning, John said.- John _.Atold Helen he will come this morningBsaid to Helen I would go that morningCsaid Helen he would come that morningDtold Helen he would go that morning7.- I can speak three langu

28、ages.- What did she say?- She said that she _three languages.Aspoke Bcould spoke Ccould Dcould speak8.He said, “The boy is cleaning the window now.” He _cleaning the window _.Asaid that the boy was; thenBsaid that the boy is; thenCsaid that the boy was; nowDsaid that the boy is; now9.We said to her,

29、 Theyre walking through the street yesterday.We told her that_ through the street_ .Awe were walking; yesterdayByou are walking; yesterdayCthey were walking; the day beforeDthey walking; the day before10.I shall tell him, I have written to you and her twice.I shall tell him that _have written to_ an

30、d _twice.AI; him; her Byou; him; her CI; you; me Dyou; me; her答案1-5 DACBD 6-10 DDACA二、完型: 重庆2015年初三第三次月考考试Are you nervous when you stand in front of the public? Are you afraid to make a speech?Li Jun, a middle school boy, felt shy when he was making a speech the other day. Li had thought it would be

31、 quite easy to speak in front of 1 classmates.I was wrong. It was very different and much 2 than talking to my classmates during playtime, Li said. I tried, but it was really difficult to speak. I felt like a mute(哑巴) and wanted to leave the classroom 3.Li is not alone. Many middle school students n

32、ow have the same 4: they can talk about their ideas freely 5 their best friends after class, but cant speak in public. According to Zhou Hong, a teacher from a university, the main reason is that schools in China pay more attention to writing instead of 6.Zhou hopes schools can give students more ch

33、ances to open their 7, such as speech competitions, English corners and class discussions. Students can join in any one they want to. 8 he also gives some advice to students. During your free time you should 9 more. When youre speaking in public, take it easy. Just imagine youre talking to nobody an

34、d speak up your ideas clearly, Zhou said. That 10 a fine public speech and youll feel confident.1Aher Bmy Cyour Dhis2.Aharder Beasier Cbetter Dlater3.Aslowly Bquickly Csadly Dhappily4.Aanswer Bsubject Cproblem Dquestion5.Aexcept Bbeside Cfrom Dwith6.Alistening Bspeaking Creading Dsinging7.Amouths Be

35、yes Cminds Dhearts8.ABut BSo CAnd DOr9.Aplay Bpractice Cwrite Dwatch10.Areports Bkeeps Chears Dmakes答案：1-5DABCD 6-10BACBD AIts the week before school starts. Alice is shopping for clothes with two friends, Nina and Vicki. Alice puts on a black jacket, turns to her friends, and says, Hey, what do you

36、 think?The girls look at her and both start laughing. No way, Alice!Nina laughs.Thats a mans jacket.Alice feels a little angry. Yeah, well. I like it.Yeah, says Vicki, but what will people at school say?Alice thinks for a moment. Then she takes off the jacket. Yeah, youre right. Peer pressure. We al

37、l know about it. Your friends wear certain clothes or listen to certain music. You dont want to be different. So you do those things too.Fifteen minutes later, Alice is still thinking about the black jacket. Yeah, theres pressure to follow others, she explains. If your clothes or hair are different,

38、 people make fun of you. You know, they laugh and point.Vicki agrees. Its true. You even have to have a certain kind of boyfriend or girlfriend! I think these rules are childish(幼稚的). But when youre different, you feel like an outsider. And thats hard.Alice walks away.Hey Alice, calls Nina. Where ar

39、e you going?To get the black jacket. I dont care what others think. I like it, and Im buying it.1.Why does Alice take off the jacket?AIts too expensive.BShe doesnt take enough money with her.CShe doesnt like the color.DShes worried about her friends opinions.2.What is the meaning of peer pressure in

40、 this passage?AYou want to be like your friends, so you do what they do.BYou want to be different from your friends and classmates.CYou want to give your clothes to your friends to wear.DYou want to buy as many clothes as your classmates do.3.What happens in the end?AAlice goes to buy the jacket.BAl

41、ice gets angry and goes home alone.CAlice doesnt buy the jacket.DAlice doesnt go shopping with her friends.4.What is the main idea of this passage?AYoung people should follow others.BGirls have different ideas about the jacket.CGirls like wearing different kinds of clothes.DYoung people care much ab

42、out what others think.BDear Dr. Smith,My mom always keeps asking me, Whats going on? If I want to go to a concert, she asks whom I will go with. I think thats my own business(事情). Sometimes it looks like she doesnt trust(信任) me. It makes me very sad. How can I get her to stop?KatieDear Katie,Many young people have the same problem as you. If you don