2022初中教案北师大版初一（下）英语第6讲：Unit Three 语法篇（原卷版）.doc

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1、Unit Three 语法篇 _ 重点掌握可数名词和不可数名词及there be 句型的用法。 重点语法：可数名词与不可数名词一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词（表示某类人或事物中的个体，如worker, farmer, desk, factory等）和集体名词（表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people,family 等）。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词（表示无法分为个体的物质，如meat, rice, water, milk, orang

2、e 等）和抽象名词（表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work, homework, time, health, friendship等）。二、关于可数名词可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。如：book books room rooms house houses day days2. 以s, ch, sh, x 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es 。如：bus buses glass glasses 3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es。如：

3、city cities body bodies 4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如：half halves leaf leaves knife knives 5. 特例 悄悄话：特例常常考，要记住。 child children man men woman women policeman policemen（规律：man men） tomato tomatoes potato potatoes初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es，其余的当然加-s喽！如：photo photos foot feet tooth teeth悄悄话： oo变成ee。 s

4、heep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形悄悄话：变复数时词形不变。 people单数形式表示复数意义,要求谓语动词用复数；people的复数形式peoples通常指“多个民族”。三、关于不可数名词1. 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但他们的意义往往发生变化。3. 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数，表示种类时就可数，但意义大多不发生变化。四、名词可数不可数“六注意”1、可数名词是可以用来计数的名词。可数名词有单数和复数形式。如：desk-desks, apple-apples等。不可数名词是不可

5、以直接用来计数的名词。不可数名词没有复数形式，只有单数形式。2、单数可数名词表示泛指时，前面要用不定冠词a（an），表示特指时，前面要用定冠词the; 而不可数名词前不能用a（an）修饰，表示特指时，前面一定要用定冠词the。3、可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用some, any, a lot of, lots of 等来修饰，表示一些，许多。4、可数名词前可用具体的数词来表示具体的数量。不可数名词前通常用单位词+of来表示数量。5、可数名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，但是不可数名词前有复数单位词时，谓语动词要用复数形式。 如：Th

6、ere are two cups of tea on the table. 桌上有两杯茶。6、对可数名词前的修饰语提问用how many; 对不可数名词前的修饰语提问用how much。 如：How many apples are there in the box?盒子里有多少个苹果？How much tea is there in the cup?杯里有多少茶水？注意：对不可数名词前的单位词的修饰语提问时，疑问词用how many。 如：How many pieces of bread are there on the plate?盘子里有多少片面包？英语中的名词按其表示的事物性质的不同可分

7、为可数名词与不可数名词。这两种名词在用法上是有区别的，现归纳如下： 一、可数名词有单数、复数之分，如： mapmaps；oniononions；bakerbakers 不可数名词没有复数形式，只有单数形式。如： some water；a lot of bread 二、单数可数名词表示泛指时，前面要用不定冠词a （an）；而不可数名词不能用a（an）。友情提醒 在表示特指时，不可数名词和可数名词前都要用定冠词the。三、可数名词表示复数意义时可用many等词修饰。如：many apples，a lot of tomatoes，a few pens 不可数名词则要用much、a little等词修

8、饰。 如：much meat，a little bread，little water 四、可数名词前通常可用具体的数词来修饰。如： three women，ten babies 不可数名词表示数量的多少时，必须与表示数量的名词连用，即“数词+表示数量的名词（可数名词）+of+ 不可数名词”。如： two glasses of milk两杯牛奶 five pieces of bread五片面包 五、可数名词做主语时，谓语动词的单、复数与主语的单、复数须保持一致。不可数名词做主语时，谓语动词只能用单数形式。如果不可数名词前有复数名词短语修饰时，谓语动词须用复数形式。六、对可数名词的数量提问用how

9、 many；对不可数名词的数量提问要用how much，但对不可数名词前表示数量名词中的修饰语提问时要用how many。七、另外，有些集合名词也是可数名词，但不同的是，它们以单数形式出现，表示复数概念，如people，police，family等；而有些可数名词本身就以复数形式出现，如clothes，glasses（眼镜）等；有的可数名词单、复数形式相同，如Japanese，sheep，Chinese等。如： 重点语法：There be句型基本用法A)There be句型的基本用法:某地/某存在有某人/某物1.形式为“There be代词或名词(短语)地点/时间状语”。B)There bes

10、b.doing sth.地点/时间状语:有某人在做某事注意1. There be句型中be动词与主语要保持主谓的一致性。2. 如果作主语的是一个短语，则常常考查短语中的修饰语。可数名词的复数形式前可以用any, some, few, a few, many或用数词+hundred/thousand/million, hundreds/thousands/millions of, no等修饰；不可数名词可以受any, some, no, little, a little，much等词的修饰。3. 注意不定代词的用法。1) 不定代词在句中作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。2) 不定代词受形容词修饰时要

11、放在形容词前面。4. There be句型的反意疑问句，要注意陈述部分的形式。 若陈述部分含有little，few，no，nobody，none等否定词时，简短问句要用肯定形式。但含否定意义的形容词修饰不定代词时则仍看做肯定句式。5. 要注意句子前后意思的一致性。有的句子单独看其意义时，可能不止一个选项适合于它，但如果联系上下句的意思则只能有一个恰当的选项。6.就近一致原则：即be动词的数应与离它最近的一个主语保持一致。 1.He is very hungry. Please give him_. A.two bread B.two piece of bread C.two pieces of

12、 breads D.two pieces of bread2.Those are my_. A.glass B.a glass C.glasses D.the glasses3.I have two_of bread and one_of red tea for breakfast. A.piece;cup B.pieces;cups C.piece;cups D.pieces;cup4.There_some apple juice and two bottles of milk on the table. A.is B.are C.have D.has5.There are_American

13、 girls in the classroom. A.a B.any C.the D.some基础演练一、选择填空1.The deer has four _ A. foot B. feet C. feets D. foots2.Her two brothers are both _. A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen D. policemens3.There are four _ and two _ in the group. A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese, Germans

14、4.Two _ would come to the village. A. woman-doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctors5.Can you see nine _ in the picture? A. sheep B. dog C. pig D. horse6.The _ has two _. A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches D. boys, watch7.The boy often brushes his _ before he goes to bed

15、. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths8.The Japanese _ will not leave China until she finishes her study. A. woman B. women C. man D. men9.There are lots of _ in the basket on the table. A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss10.The cat caught two _ last night. A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. Mi

16、ces二、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1.There are three_ (cup) of tea.2.How many _ (dictionary) are there on this shelf.3.Would you like some _ (book) to read?4.Both of my _ (parent) are teachers.5.They are all _ (doctor).6.One of the most interesting_ (country) is in Africa.7.The blue _ (trouser) are too long.8.Lets

17、 _ (have) a English class.巩固提高三、根据中文提示完成下列各句。1.我们小组中的四个同学每天喝很多水。For students_every day.2.你每餐吃多少肉？ _at every meal?3.约翰喜欢吃些零食当作早餐。 John_.4.我认为每天吃个苹果是很好的。 I think_every day.5.每天喝两杯以上的加糖饮料对我们的健康有害。 It_two glasses of drinks with sugar every day.四、句型转换。1.There are some bottles of water in the fridge.(转换为一

18、般疑问句） _ in the fridge?2.The beef is $ 10.99 a kilo today.(对划线部分提问)_ today?3.Jim has one egg, two pieces of bread and an oranges for breakfast.(对画线部分提问）_ breakfast?4.A lot of people in Asia eat rice almost every day.(对画线部分提问）_rice?5.There is some tea in the teapot. (改为否定句）_teapot.一、单选。1.-Whats _Mums

19、favorite food, Grace? -My Mum? Oh, a green salad. She is a vegetarian. A.their B.his C.her D.your2.-_is the beef? -The unit price is $ 5.99/1b. A.How much B.What C.How many D.Which3.-What delicious oranges! -Exactly. They will_me nearly $ 10 this time. A.pay B.spend C.cost D.take 4.These bananas are

20、 so cheap. The total foe 3 kilos_only $ 5.00. A.is B.are C.has D.have5.-How many_do you want,madam? -Half a kilo,please. A.chicken B.carrots C.potatoes D.beef6.-Dad, _I have two hot gods, please? -Youd better not. They arent healthy enough. A.do B.must C.can D.should7.-Jane,would you like something_

21、? -No, thanks. A.drinking B.to be drinking C.drink D.to drink8.-Is there anything to drink? -Yes,Here are_on the table. A.two bottles of orange juice B.a lot of milk C.a cup of tea D.some coffee9.Most parents think hamburgers are not healthy_they are my favorite food. A.and B.or C.but D.so10.-Excuse

22、 me. Do you have_books on science? A.some B.a C.an D.any 二、完型填空。（10分） Most Children with healthy appetites are ready to eat almost anything we give them and a child 1 hates food whether it is badly cooked. On the other hand,we have many ways to improve a childs appetite. Never ask a child whether he

23、 likes or dislike a food and never_2_ what we like or dislike in front of him or let anybody else do it that way. If the father says he hates fat meat or the mother says that she refuses vegetable in the childs presence, he is more likely to copy these _3 _ .If we dont do these things, were _4_ that

24、 he likes everything and he probably will. A child should not _5_any healthy food from the meal because of a supposed dislike. At meal times it is a good _6_to give a child a little food and let him _7_ back for a second helping rather than give him as _ 8_ as he is likely to eat all at once. Dont t

25、alk too much to the child during meal times _9_ let them get on with his food, and dont allow him to leave the table right after a meal or he will _10_learn to swallow his food, so he can hurry back to his toys. The last tip is that we never coax a child or force him to eat the food. In this way, ou

26、r children will enjoy their meals every day.1. A. seldom B. often C.usually D.always2. A. tell B. show C. talk D.feel3. A. appetites B. thoughts C.examples D.ideas4. A. easy B.hard C.sure D.different5. A. forget B.lose C.know D.miss6. A. order B.advice C.idea D.plan7. A. look B.come C. return D.take

27、8. A. much B.little C.few D.many9. A. and B.or C.because D.but10. A.hurriedly B.soon C.slowly D.fast_一、 单选。(2014年七年级英语下册期中测试附答案)1、_sleeps during the day but at night he gets up and eats food. A、A pandaB、A dog C、A koala D、A giraffe2、When youre hungry, where can you get something to eat?_. A、In a pool

28、B、In a restaurantC、In a garden D、In a library3、When I grow up, I want_ a football player. A、be B、to be C、am D、are4、Its_ in Australia when its winter in China. A、cold B、hot C、winter D、snowing5、Look! Emma is_ her bedroom. Her room is always_. A、clean, cleanB、clean, cleaning C、cleaning, clean D、cleanin

29、g, cleaning二、用适当的形式填空。1. The beef is two_(dollar) a pound.2. We want three _(cup) of_(coffee).3. -May I take_(you) order,please? -OK.4. Sam doesnt like _(carrot) or_(tomato). However,hr likes_(potato) very much.5. How much (be) four sandwiches?6. There_ (be) a bottle of mineral water and two_(hambur

30、ger)on the table.7. You can take any_ (gift) you like.8. I dont have any_ (book) to read.9. Please put this basket of _(banana) here.10. That bag of apples_(be) red.三、用“have, has” ， “there is ，there are” 或者“is there ，are there”填空。1. I _ a good father and a good mother. 2. _ a book on the desk. 3. He

31、 _ a tape-recorder. 4. They _ a nice garden. 5. What do you _ ? 6. _ a reading-room in the building? 7. What does Mike _ ? 8. _ any books in the bag? 9. My father _ a story-book. 10. _ any flowers in the garden? 11. How many students _ in the classroom? 12. My parents _ some nice pictures. 13. _ som

32、e maps on the wall. 14. Davids friends _ some dogs. 15. _ many children on the hill.四、按要求完成句子1.There is a computer in my house. (一般疑问句) _ _ a computer in _ house? 2.There are some flowers on the teachers desk. (一般疑问句) _ _ _flowers on the teachers desk ? 3.There arent any apples on the tree.(变回肯定句） T

33、here _ _ apples on the tree. 4.There is a pear in the box.(变否定句) There _ a pear in the box. 5.There are fifty students in my class.(对划线部分提问) _ _students are there in your class? 五、语言知识运用。根据中文意思完成句子。1.今天鸡肉的价格是多少？ _today?2.我想要一份牛肉三明治和一杯牛奶。Id_.3.爸爸认为热狗不健康，而沙拉又有点单调。Dad thinks_ while_.4.游泳运动员每天吃很多鱼肉、米饭和蔬

34、菜。Swimmers_every day.5.在我们班，绝大多数学生都吃很多水果，和运动员是一样的。In our class, most students_ sportsmen.六、阅读理解(A) In the morning, Mr. Martin comes into his garden. He sees too much snow in the garden. MrMartin wants to take his car out, so he asks a cleaner to clean the road(路) from his garage(车库) to the gate. He

35、says to the cleaner, “Dont put any snow on the flowers or on the wall. And dont put any into the street, or the policeman will come.” Then he goes out.When he comes back, the road is clean. There is no snow on the flowers, on the wall or in the street. But when he opens the garage to get his car out

36、, he sees: it is full of snow, the snow from the road, and his car is under the snow!1、What is the weather like?_ A、Its very hot.B、Its raining.C、Its coldD、Its windy.2、Who cleans the snow on the road? _ A、Mr Martin.B、A policeman.C、Mrs Martin.D、A cleaner.3、Why cant the cleaner put any snow into the street? _ A、Because theres too much snow, too.B、Because the policeman will come. C、Because there are flowers in the street.D、Because theres a car in the street.4、Where is the snow after the cleaner cleans the road? _ A、On the flowers. B、In the garage. C、In the street.