高考2022高三总复习教案：动词不定式用法.doc

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1、高考总复习：动词不定式用法编稿：陈玉莲 审稿：梁晓真题再现1. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _ anything that happened to be on.A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. to have watched2. Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to the new students.A. speakingB. having spokenC. to sp

2、eakD. to have spoken3. Weve had a good start, but next, more work needs _ to achieve the final success. A. being doneB. doC. to be doneD. to do4. Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _ at the meeting will in the future of our company.A. to be made B. being made C. made D. having been

3、made5. This machine is very easy . Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. A. operating B. to be operating C. operated D. to operate6. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _ his plane high up in the sky.A. finding B. to find C. being found D. to have found7. If he takes on this work, he will h

4、ave no choice but _ an even greater challenge.A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet8. Birds singing is sometimes a warning to other birds _ away.A. to stay B. staying C. stayed D. stay9. George returned after the war, only _ that his wife had left him. A. to be told B. telling C. being toldD. told

5、10. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when its better silent.A. remainB. be remainingC. having remained D. to remain11. I remembered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked 答案与解析：1. A。此处happy

6、to watch anything that happened to be on作sat的目的状语。句意：那位老人每天晚上坐在电视机前，高兴地看要上演的任何节目。2. C。不定式表目的，又因D选项时态错误，speak动作并不在invite动作之前，故选C。3. C。因为work与do为被动关系，而need后表被动用-ing的主动形式表被动含义，或用不定式的被动形式，故选C。不定式的被动语态作宾语，用短语need to be done。 4. A。分析句子结构可知，空白处为后置定语，与被修饰的名词是逻辑上的被动关系，而且是将要发生的动作。由此可知，表示被动和将来的A选项符合题意。B表示被动进行，

7、C表示被动完成，D表示被动完成，但是不作定语。因此，正确答案为A选项。5. D。在句型“主语+be+ adj .+ to do”中，如果这个主语是动词do的逻辑宾语，故用主动表被动，所以选D。6. B。句意为：汤姆打车赶到机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已经飞入高空了。此处only后接不定式表示意想不到的结果。7. D。所填词与前文构成固定句型have no choice but to do sth.，故选D。8.A。此题调整句子的顺序会更好理解：Birds singing is sometimes a warning _away to other birds.不定式to stay away作定语

8、修饰warning，后面那个to是“对来说”的意思。9. A。此处only to do/be done表示意料之外的结果；现在分词作结果状语则表示自然的结果。这里George和tell之间是被动关系，因此用to be told。句意：乔治战争后回到家，结果被告知妻子已经离开了。10. D。it做形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式：to remain silent. 可归结为句型：it is +形容词/名词+to do/that。当然it也可以作形式宾语，如find/feel it +to do/that. 11. B。Remember后面既可以接不定式，也可以接动名词，如果选择A，这与后面的b

9、efore I left the office是相矛盾的，只能选择答案B。C 和D 都是完成时，他们表示比主句动词发生的时间更早，没有必要。知识讲解不定式句法功能 【高清课堂不定式】不定式可以作句子的主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等成分。作主语To hear from you is nice.To be a good teacher is not easy.不定式作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主语，而不定式置于谓语动词后。 Its nice to hear from you.Its not easy to be a good teacher.作宾语通常用于afford

10、, agree, aim, arrange, ask, attempt, choose, continue, dare, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, long, love, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, prove, refuse, seek, threaten, trouble, wait, want, wish等动词后面。I for

11、got to lock the door.Please remember to write to me.记忆口诀：三个希望两答应（hope，wish，want，agree，promise） 一个要求莫拒绝（demand，refuse） 设法学会做决定（manage，decide） 不要假装在选择（pretend，choose）作表语My job is to pick up letters.He seemed to have heard nothing.作定语作定语时须放在被修饰的名词之后：He is always the first one to get up.I have a few wor

12、ds to say on this question.主动形式表被动含义：I have a book to read.It is easy to read.Have you anything to send?比较：Have you anything to be sent?She is the last to come.He is looking for a room to live in.There is nothing to worry about.作宾补通常用于advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, convince, enable, enco

13、urage, expect, forbid, force, instruct, invite, order, permit, persuade, recommend, remind, request, require, teach, tell, train, urge, want, warn等词后。 He ordered her to leave at once.He was forced to obey his mothers order.作状语不定式作状语时通常表示目的，不定式用作目的状语有两个可能的位置，一是在句首，二是在句末。一般说来，用于句首属于强调性用法，即强调动词的目的。也可用于

14、“be adj. to do”结构中作原因状语。He got up early to catch the first bus.To finish the task on time, we have to work hard.Im happy to hear the news. Im surprised to see him here. only to.往往表示“意想不到”的结果；never to.可以接后续的结果。so.as to., such. as to., enough to., only to.以及too.to.等结构中的不定式也表结果： Her father disappeared,

15、 never to be heard again.I went to the bank only to find it was closed.作独立成分to be honest, to begin with, to start with, to tell you the truth, to make a long story shortTo tell you the truth, I told a lie. To begin/start with, lets sing a song.To make a long story short, he succeeded in passing the

16、exam.不定式特殊用法用it作形式主语动词不定式作主语时，如果主语太长，通常用it作形式主语，将真正的主语动词不定式后置。 For us to learn English well is necessary. It is necessary for us to learn English well.动词不定式作主语时，如果将句子变为疑问句，应使用it作形式主语。To walk to the station takes twenty minutes.Does it take twenty minutes to walk to the station?用it作形式宾语某些不能修饰人的形容词作宾语

17、补足语时，不能用表示人的词作宾语，应用it作形式宾语，再用动词不定式的复合结构作真正的宾语；这类形容词常用的有necessary, easy, hard, common, possible及impossible等。父亲的猝死，使得他必须辍学。误：His fathers sudden death made him necessary to leave school.正：His fathers sudden death made it necessary for him to leave school.动词不定式作定语时是否要介词动词不定式与被修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系时，如果动词不定式的动词及

18、不及物动词，或者该动词不定式本身有宾语，其后面应加上与之用法相应的介词。 We are looking for a room to live in.但被修饰的名词为place, time, way等时，则往往省略介词。 Thats a nice place to work（in）.不定式主动式和被动式作定语区别动词不定式作定语时，如果其表示的动作为句子的主语发出时，该动词不定式一般用主动式；如果动词不定式表示的动作不是句子的主语发出的，该动词不定式应用被动式。例如：I am going to the shop because I have something to buy.（“buy”这个动作

19、是句子的主语“I”发出的，故用主动式to buy）I am going to the shop. Do you have anything to be bought? （“buy”这个动作不是句子的主语“you”发出的，故用被动式to be bought）“too.to.”结构“too +形容词或副词+ to do”中的动词不定式表示结果，含有否定的意义，意思是“太以致不能”。 The problem was too complicated for us to solve.但下列结构表示肯定含义。当too前或to前有否定词构成双重否定时：English is not too difficult

20、 to learn. （英语并不太难学。） He is too wise not to see that. （他很聪明,不会不懂这一点。） 当too后是glad, pleased, happy, delighted, satisfied, ready, willing, kind, apt, good, true, easy, near, careful, well, early, delicious, eager, anxious等形容词或副词时；与这些词连用时，too前还常加上only, all, but, just, simply等副词，意思不变，因为这些词加上too后与very同义。T

21、hey are too anxious to leave. （他们急于离开。）He is too ready to help others. （他总是乐于助人。）Im only too glad to see you. （见到你非常高兴）They are but too pleased to hear the news. （他们听到这个消息，非常高兴。）与cannot连用：You cannot be too careful (=You can never be careful enough) to do your homework.你做作业越仔细越好(=无论怎样仔细也不过分).不定式在句中作定

22、语或真正的主语时：There are too many problems to be solved. （有很多问题有待解决。）in order to与so as to动词不定式作目的状语位于句首时，前面可加in order，但不能加so as；动词不定式位于句末，则加in order或so as均可。 In order to make money, they did anything.They set out early in order to/ so as to get to the village before 9.“疑问词不定式”结构 “疑问词不定式”结构中的疑问词，包括疑问代词who，

23、what，which和疑问副词how，when，where等。这些疑问词和不定式一起构成了不定式短语，这种结构可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等。How to do it is a question. （作主语） I really dont know what to write about. （作动词宾语） We must first solve the problem of whom to serve. （作介词宾语） The question is where to put it. （作表语） I asked him how to learn English. （作宾语补足语）不定式复合结构不

24、定式可以与其逻辑主语一起构成不定式复合结构，其形式：“for+名词/人称代词宾格+带to的不定式”。其中的名词或人称代词宾格与不定式构成逻辑上的主谓关系。It is important for us to learn English well.但当表语表示不定式的逻辑主语的特征属性时要用of，如：good, kind, nice, wise, clever, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, rude, impolite, carelessIt is very kind of you to help me. = you are kind to help

25、 me.不定式符号to省略watch, see, notice, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel make, let, have后接不定式做宾补时，省略to；但get sb to do中的to do不能省略。注意：主动省to的这些句子，变成被动形式时必须加to。I saw him play basketball.I noticed him come in.They made me repeat the story.I was made to repeat the story.当介词but, except, besides之前有一个实义动词do (

26、助动词do及其变化形式除外)时，后面的动词不定式不带to。此外，在can not but, can not choose but, can not help but 这三个固定用法中，but之后的不定式也不带to。 The enemy could not choose but surrender. I could do nothing except agree to his terms. Can you do nothing but sell the wedding ring? 介词instead of 前后的两个成分要相等。如果前面的成分是不定式，则后面的不定式不带to。He went to

27、 play football instead of see a film. would (had) as soon , had better , had best (不常用) 等之后，不定式省略to。 You had better not smoke. Id just as soon come tomorrow. 某些惯用法中，than之后的不定式不带to, 如do nothing else than, do more (less) than, do no more than, would (had) sooner than, would rather than等。I would rather

28、 not see him. The old worker often does more than fulfill his quota. why引导的省略问句中。口语中，不带to的不定式常在why引导的省略句中作谓语。表示不同意或反驳的意见。Why not give her another chance？ Why bother? Why not do it yourself？ make, hear, let, go构成惯用语时，常用省略to不定式。 Cant you make do with 10 pounds？ 10英磅不可以凑合着用吗？They let ship the good chan

29、ce. 他们错过了那次好机会。The children made believe that they were generals.孩子们假扮成将军。动词go和come之后作状语时省略to：不定式在动词 go 和 come之后作状语时，在某些情况下总是不带 to。这种用法在祈使句的go 和come之后最常见。在陈述句中也会出现这种用法，但一般在go 和come不发生形态变化的情况下才出现。Go chase yourself!！(走开，别来捣乱！)Come sit beside me. You should go thank him. 两个或两个以上的不定式并列在一起时，第一个不定式带to，后面的

30、不定式往往把to省去；但表对照时不能省to：I wish to finish my task and (to) get away.It is better to laugh than to cry.省略动词部分为避免重复，口语中常可省去与前边动词重复的动词原形而留下to。Would you like to go to the films with me?Id like to.如果不定式to后的结构中含有be, have或have been，通常要保留be, have或have been，但随后的成分仍可省略。 Is your mother a teacher?No, but she used to be.He hasnt finished yet.Well, he ought to have.不定式的被动形式的用法见被动语态知识导学。