高二英语-知识讲解 话题语言应用——机器人及科幻文学作品.doc

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1、话题语言应用机器人及科幻文学作品编稿：牛新阁 审稿：王春霞语言积累交际用语表示推测与确信：I think / dont think. 我认为/认为.不. I believe / dont believe.我相信/不相信.I guess/ suppose. 我猜想. I wonder . 我想知道/ 我奇怪.Maybe . 也许. It must have . 它一定已经.Is it possible that.? .是可能的吗？ It could be that . 可能.Could it be that.？ .可能吗?It is possible/impossible. .是(不)可能的。

2、It is most likely/unlikely . 最有/不可能. There is a belief that. 有人相信.Are you sure that.? 你确信.吗? I am sure/ positive that . 我确信/肯定.话题语句（1）1 有关机器人（robot）的词句：A robot is a machine designed to do jobs that are usually performed by humans. Robots are programmed and controlled by a computer. 机器人是被设计来做经常由人来做的工

3、作的机器。机器人被计算机编上程序并加以控制。rebuild a robot 重新组装/设置机器人Asimovs Laws For Robots（阿西莫夫机器人定律）First Law: A robot must not injure human beings or allow them to be injured.Second Law: A robot must obey the orders given to it by human beings (as long as human beings are not injured).Third Law: A robot must protect

4、 its own existence (as long as human beings are not injured; and as long as the robot does not disobey the human beings).阿西莫夫机器人三定律一、机器人不得伤害人类，或看到人类受到伤害而袖手旁观；二、在不违反第一定律的前提下，机器人必须绝对服从人类给与的任何命令；三、在不违反第一定律和第二定律的前提下, 机器人必须尽力保护自己。 Types of robots:agricultural robots 农用机器人 industrial robots 工业机器人household

5、 robots 家用机器人 domestic robots家用机器人entertainment robots 娱乐机器人What can robots do?play music 演奏音乐 pour tea 倒茶 sweep the floor 擦地 do the laundry 洗衣服iron shirts 熨烫衬衫 make the bed 铺床cook dinner 做饭 wash the dishes 洗盘子play with children 和孩子们玩 do all the housework 做所有的家务rescue work 救援工作 help me with my homew

6、ork 帮我写作业serve/ take care of human 为人类服务/照顾人类（注意serve直接接宾语，不需加for）accompany old people to the shops 陪伴老人去商店help people out of trouble 帮人们摆脱困难explore dangerous places, like the sea and outer space 探测像大海和外部空间那样的危险的地方prevent children from being harmed 防止孩子受伤害The robot can be a teacher. It knows everyth

7、ing and remembers everything well. 机器人可以做老师，它知道一切，记得住一切。The robot is clever enough to solve all kinds of problems. 机器人很聪明，能解决所有的问题。话题语句（2）有关机器人的讨论：1. If you had a robot, what would you like him to do? 如果你有个机器人，你想让他做什么？2. Do you think robots can take the place of human? Why? 你认为机器人能代替人类吗？为什么？3. It is

8、 terrible that we cant tell the difference between a real man and a robot. 我们分辨不出人和机器人会很可怕的。4. Do you think it is possible for a robot to l have feelings?l think for itself?l have its own needs and desires?l look and feel like a human being?你认为机器人可能有感情/自己思考/有自己的需求和欲望/看起来或感觉像人吗？5. People will be reli

9、eved（解脱，免除）from doing household cleaning or cooking. Robots will be able to rebuild and decorate （装饰）the home and design and do gardening（整理花园）. People will be free to work or enjoy their leisure（悠闲）time. 6. cartoons that include robots as characters 人物是机器人的动画片science fiction 科学幻想小说 literature 文学，文学

10、作品 films/ movie 电影video games 视频游戏 TV shows 电视节目 mystery stories 神秘故事Science fiction is often based on scientific principles and technology.科学幻想小说经常以科学原理和技术为基础。 Science fiction may make predictions about life in the future. 科学幻想小说可能会对未来的生活做出预测。话题语句（3）【高清课堂：Robot 语言应用-Movie robots】Movie robotsNo. 1 T

11、he Terminator 终结者When: 1984In the fictional Terminator universe, the Terminator is a formidable robotic assassin and soldier, designed by the military supercomputer. It can speak naturally, copy the voices of others, read human handwriting, and even genuinely sweat, smell, and bleed. 注释：fictional 小说

12、的 formidable令人畏惧的 robotic 机器人的，机器人学 assassin 刺客genuinely 真正的NO.2 Short Circuit霹雳五号When: 1986Johnny 5 is the fictional robotic star of the movies Short Circuit. He is a former military robot with intelligence by a lightning bolt（晴天霹雳）, and is considered to be alive, as he has emotions and is self-awa

13、re. Johnny 5 is very curious and inquisitive(好奇的), but he is especially fond of books and television. He is very intelligent and inventive with an encyclopedic knowledge, but can be quite nave(幼稚的) and child-like at times and can be too eager to trust people that he shouldnt. 注意：1. with intelligence

14、 有智力的 2. at times 有时，偶然 3. too eager to do 非常急于/渴望做（无否定含义）4. intelligent 智能的 inventive有发明才能的 encyclopedic 如百科全书的No. 3 ROBOCOP 机器战警When: 1987A terminally（致命的）wounded police officer is brought back to life as a super human/machine cyborg （半机械人）used to clean up the crime-ridden streets of a futuristic

15、Detroit. Throughout the film, RoboCop is haunted （受困扰） by the memories of his painful past.注意：used to do 被用来做 clean up 清理 futuristic 未来派的No. 4 The Iron Giant钢铁巨人When: 1999The film tells the story of a lonely boy raised by his single mother, discovering a giant amnesiac（记忆缺失的）“iron man” that fell fro

16、m space. Hogarth has to stop a military force and an egotistical（任性的）federal agent from finding and destroying the Giant out of paranoia（偏执狂）. No.5 A.I.: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 人工智能When: 2001It is about a robot child who wants to be “real.” David, an android（机器人）who looks just like a human boy, is

17、uniquely programmed with the ability to love.No. 6 I, ROBOT机械公敌When: 2004 In the not so distant future, (2035), a detective, who dislikes the rapid advancement of technology, investigates a crime that may have been caused by a robot.No.7 WALL-E 机器人总动员When: 2008Disney and Pixars animated film centers

18、 around a cute robot named Wall-E, designed to clean up the waste that covers the Earth in the future. He falls in love with another robot namedEVE, and follows her into outer space not prepared for the wild adventure that is to come.注意：animated film 动画片 around 根据 outer space 外部空间No. 8 REAL STEEL 铁甲

19、钢拳When: 2011In the future (2020), robots have permanently replaced humans in the popular sport of boxing. Charlie Kenton finds hope in a discarded robot and rises to the top. Along the way, Kenton is reunited with an 11-year-old son he never knew existed.话题语句（4）有用的句子- 试试你会了吗？1. 拉里说服她，机器人决不会伤害她或让她受到伤

20、害。 Larry _ her that the robot wouldnt harm her or _.2. 她感觉十分尴尬，赶快叫他走。 She _ and quickly told him to go.3. 机器人这么通人性，这使她觉得心烦和害怕。 It was _ and _ that he looked so _.4. 克莱尔觉得机器人向她表示同情，这很荒唐可笑。 Claire thought it was _sympathy by a robot. 5. 她感觉对于像拉里这样很想提高社会地位的人来说，她的家不够高雅。 She felt her home wasnt _ for som

21、eone like Larry who wanted to _ _ his _.6. 她惊奇地看着他的手指翻动着书页，忍不住突然伸出手去摸他的手。 She looked at his fingers _ as they turned each page and suddenly _ his hand.7. 被她发现多难为情呀！从她脸上的那种有趣而有惊奇的神色来看，克莱尔知道，格拉迪丝认为她有风流韵事了。 How _ (it is) _ by her. By the _ and _ look on her face, Claire knew that Gladys thought she _.8

22、. 她大叫一声“托尼”，然后听到托尼一本正经地说，明天他不想离开她，而且他不满足于仅仅使她开心。 She cried out “Tony” and then heard him _ that he didnt want to leave her the next day and that he felt_ just the desire _her.9. 受到那些女士的嫉妒，这该是多么甜美的胜利！ What _ by those women!10. 他不仅有超凡的想象力，使他能对未来世界进行探索，而且还有着惊人的智力，使他能对现在的、过去的各种事物做出解释。 He had both an _ t

23、hat gave him the ability _ future worlds and an _mind with which he _ the explanations of everything, _ and the past.11. 他是因为9年前的一次输血中感染了艾滋病病毒而去世的。 He died _ an HIV infection that he had got from _ nine years earlier.12. 从那以后，他就开始认真地从事写作了。 From that moment, he started to _.参考答案：1. persuaded; allow h

24、er to be harmed2. felt embarrassed3. disturbing (令人心烦的)；frightening （令人害怕的）；human（有人性的，人类的，人） 注意这个句子主语是it代替的主语从句that he looked so.，所以用disturbing和frightening说明主语从句表述的事情的特点，用动词-ing形式。如果人作主语，才用过去分词形式。4. ridiculous to be offered5. elegant enough; improve; social position6. with wonder (惊奇地，带着惊奇)；reached

25、 for (伸手去够)7. awful; to be discovered; amused; surprised; was having an affair8. declare（宣布，一本正经地说）；more than（多于，不仅仅）；to please9. a sweet victory to be envied 10. extraordinary imagination; to explore; amazing（惊人的）；searched for（搜寻）; in the present（在现在）11. as a result of；a blood transfusion12. take h

26、imself serious as a writer (take .seriously 严肃/认真地对待.)写作运用人物介绍人物介绍，属于记人记叙文，可以是自我介绍或他人介绍。在写这类作文时，要围绕人物的材料组织短文，内容应包括人物、时间、地点、主要事件等内容。如果写名人的生平、事迹，要抓住出生年月、主要事迹、人们的评论等进行叙述。写人物介绍的注意事项1. 确定重点，一般应把重点放在人物的工作成就等方面；2. 应通过描写，突出人物性格与成就的内在联系；3. 注意使用叙述的过渡语言，如连接词：besides, in addition, whats more, however, therefore

27、等，可使结构更紧密。4. 要尝试使用从句、非谓语动词、省略句等，如果应用得当，可有画龙点睛的作用。典型例句：1. Isaac Asimov was an American scientist and writer who wrote around 480 books that include mystery stories . 艾萨克阿西莫夫是美国的科学家兼作家，他写了多约480本书，包括神秘小说.2. Her frequent smiles impress me a lot. 她总是面带微笑，给我留下很深的印象。3. He is over forty, but he doesnt look

28、his age. 他已经四十多岁了，但看不出是这个年纪的人。4. He is fairly out-going. Talking with him is a pleasant thing. 他很外向，与他交谈是一件很愉快的事。5. He enjoys the company of children and shares various interests with them. 他喜欢与孩子们为伍，与他们趣味相投。6. He has won / was awarded the prize for . 他获得/被授予.奖。7. His invention / achievement ranks o

29、ne of the top . 他的发明/成就排名在前.名。8. He has mainly contributed to . 他对.做出了重要的贡献。9. Born in a poor family, he had to. 他出生于一个贫穷家庭，他不得不.10. Sb. is considered to be one of the greatest . 某人被公认为最.之一11. Well known as ., he . 作为.而闻名，他.12. When he was a small boy, he showed a great interest in . 他很小时就对.感兴趣。13.

30、Thanks to the help of . he was able to continue his education. 多亏了.的帮助，他得以能够继续他的学业。14. From . to. he first worked as . and then he became. 从.到.，他先做.，然后成为.15. He was praised / honored for . 他因为.而得到赞扬/给予荣誉描写人的形容词：funny-looking 样子可笑的；warm-hearted 好心的； attractive 有吸引力的；easy-going 随和的； smart 伶俐的，衣着漂亮的；wi

31、se 明智的； diligent 勤奋的； lovely 可爱的； be crazy about 非常喜欢； be fond of 喜爱写作范文根据下表的信息，写一篇人物介绍。NameZhang YunchengSexmaleSchool educationone dayInterests and hobbiesreading and writingHealthdisabilities caused by a muscle disease; very weak, can hardly pick up a penAmbitionto write and publish a bookDreamto

32、 live a better life 参考范文：Although Zhang Yuncheng is unable to walk or even get out of bed without help, he has achieved his ambition to write a book. Because of his disability, Yuncheng went to school for only one day. However, when he was 12 years old, he taught himself to write. When he was 17, Yu

33、ncheng wrote to a newspaper about his life and his ambition to write a book. Zhang Danuo, an editor at the newspaper helped him by setting him writing assignments every week. These assignments have now been turned into a book, which many people have bought. Yuncheng says that because his life will n

34、ot be a long one, he must do as much as he can within the time he has left.有关机器人的短文Example 1 根据以下内容写一篇发言稿，在新闻发布会上向大家推荐你公司的这一款新产品。目前，照顾老人成了一个突出的社会问题。你公司顺应社会需求，适时推出了家用机器人。该机器人的主要功能有：1. 可以在固定时间做饭，时间根据个人需要可以调整；2. 可以陪老人聊天、下棋、做运动等；3. 及时处理突发事件，例如在老人突然病倒时及时拨打呼救电话等。 参考范文Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for at

35、tending our companys news conference. As you know, with the development of economy, people have to face various pressures. They dont have enough time to attend to the old people in their family, which has become a prominent social problem. Our company put out a household robot, which is designed to

36、take care of old people. It can cook meals at a fixed time which can be adjusted according to individual needs. It can also accompany old people in having a chat, playing chess, and taking exercise. Moreover, it can deal with emergencies. For example, if an old man falls ill suddenly, the robot will

37、 call doctors for help.It would be a great help to you if you own such a robot.Example 2Write a paragraph describing a new type of robot. 写一篇描写一种新型机器人的短文。参考范文：The rubbish collector The rubbish collector is a robot about half the size of a small car. Its body is square and contains a large rubbish bi

38、n inside it. It has a camera attached to the top front of its body. Also at the front is a pair of arms. Underneath it has four wheels and six legs. With the camera it can “see” rubbish such as paper, glass, and plastic. If the surface of the ground is smooth, it runs on its wheels, and if the groun

39、d is rough, it unfolds its legs and walks. When it sees a piece of rubbish, it stops and uses its arms to pick it up and put it in its rubbish bin. However, when it sees a person, an animal or a plant, it goes around it as it is able to recognize when something is not a piece of rubbish. The company

40、 should make this robot as it would be very popular with schools. It would clean the outside grounds of school and so give the students more time to spend on their studies. It would also be a great advantage to have at sports grounds or any other area where rubbish is dropped by the public.Example 3

41、Imagine you are a robot pet that belongs to a child. Imagine what life would be like with a child. Then write a diary from the robot pets point of view. (假如你是一个孩子的机器人宠物，想象你同一个孩子在一起的生活，以这个机器人的角度写一篇日记)参考范文：October 12th Fine I had a terrible morning. When Terry got up, he carried me to the table by my

42、tail and made me sit on the table while he ate breakfast. He is such a messy boy and I got bits of food all over me. Unfortunately, he must have woken up in a bad mood because when his mother asked him to get dressed, he shouted at her and then hit me. So I was very angry and hissed at him. Then he

43、hit me again and I hissed even more. Luckily he left me at home while he was at school and I had a very peaceful time. When he got home he was much happier and was very nice to me. He sat for a long time on the sofa, patting me and saying “Tama, I love you” over and over. I loved it and couldnt stop purring. I wish he were like that all the time. Meanwhile, he has promised to take me to the park tomorrow. I cant wait.注释：hiss 发嘶嘶声 pur 咕噜咕噜叫