高二英语-知识讲解-总复习：高一重点词汇四.doc

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1、总复习：高一重点词汇四 重点单词observe【点拨】observe vt.& vi. 看到，观察，注意；遵守(法律、习俗等)；庆祝(节日等)；评论；评述observe sb. do sth. 看到某人做(过)某事observe sb. doing sth. 看到某人(正在)做某事observe a rule/the law 遵守规则/法律observe Christmas/May Day 庆祝圣诞节/五一劳动节He(David Hume) observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years(2015重庆高考)他（Dav

2、id Hume）注意到荷马在两千年后仍然受到崇敬。It is everybodys duty to observe them（traffic rules） to keep our society in order and going on the right track. (2015重庆高考)遵守交通规则，使我们的社会运行有序，是我们每个人的职责。Are there any classes I could observe?有我可以观摩的课吗？He liked to observe the stars when he was a child.孩提时他喜欢观察星星。All the citizens

3、 should observe the law without exception.所有的公民都要守法，没有例外。【拓展】observation n观察，观察力；observer n观察者stand【点拨】stand v站立，直立；忍受；经受，承担；n.看台，摊子；立场。stand相当于bear，为及物动词，意为“容忍”。一般与can/could连用，主要用于否定句和疑问句，没有进行时态和被动语态，宾语可以是名词/代词/doing/sb. doing/ to do/ to be done。cant stand sth./doing sth.不能忍受(做)某事can t stand sb./st

4、h. doing sth.不能忍受某人/物做某事My previous home had a stand of woods behind it and many animals in the backyard. (2015四川高考)我之前的家后面有一大片树林，院子里有很多动物。He cant stand being treated like that.他不能忍受别人那样对待他。I cant stand your talking like that to your mother.我受不了你对你母亲说话的方式。Can you stand to be told what to do like tha

5、t?你受得了像那样被告知怎么办吗？【拓展】stand的相关短语：stand still 站着不动stand by 袖手旁观；支持(某人)stand for 代表，象征stand out显眼，突出take ones stand站在立 场As one would expect, his writing is mostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest. (2015湖北高考)就像一个人所期待的那样，他的作品大部分很清晰，公平地说，有些章节比其他的要好。consider【点拨】consider vt. 考虑；

6、看作，认为；考虑到consider doing sth. 考虑做某事He told us to consider the difference in the price “an early wedding present.” (2015天津高考)他告诉我们会考虑把价格的不同作为一份提前的结婚礼物。Why dont you consider a trip to, say, Beijing or Hangzhou?（2015浙江高考）你为什么不考虑去旅游呢，比如北京或杭州？We are considering publishing a new book.我们正在考虑出版一本新书。consider

7、as +名词/ consider (to be) + 名词或者形容词把看作，视为，认为是Xu Beihong is considered as /to be one of the most famous/ best-known twentieth century artists.徐悲鸿被视为20世纪最闻名的艺术家之一。It was considerate of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.（2015福建高考）Michael告知我们他延误了，免得我们担心，他真是善解人意。【拓展】“把看作”的相关短语：consi

8、der.as think of.asconsider.to beregard .as refer to.astreat.as replace【点拨】replace v. 取代，接替；更换，更新；把放回原处Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment.（2015广东高考）另外一种反对电视的观点是它作为一种娱乐形式替代了阅读。Which of the following can best replace the phrase？（2015高考新课标二卷）下面的哪一条

9、可以取代这个短语？New laws will soon replace existing legislation. 新法律即将取代现行法规。Please replace after reading. 阅毕请放回原处。 replace.with/by.用替换；以接替Teachers will never be replaced by computers in the classroom.课堂上电脑永远不会取代老师。【拓展】replacement n.更换；替换的人(物)replaceable adj. 可更换的；可替代的take the place of /take ones place 代替（

10、动词短语）in place of/in ones place 代替（介词短语）I will take the place of my father for a while.我将暂时代替我父亲。delighted【点拨】delighted adj.高兴的；快乐的 be delighted at/with/by sth.为某事高兴be delighted to do sth./that clause 很高兴做某事Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Browns

11、Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, whereluckily for meI was planning to have dinner that very night（2015山东高考）虽然看到西红柿我很高兴，但当我了解到布朗的Grove Farm是Jack Dusty的供应商的时候，我更快乐了：Jack Dusty是一家位于Sarasota Ritz Carlton的新开的餐馆。幸运的是，我正打算那天晚上去那儿吃饭。T

12、he professor was delighted to find that two thirds of the project had been finished by the students independently. (2015湖北高考)教授高兴地发现学生们已独立完成了该项目三分之二的工作。He said that he was delighted with the public response.他说公众的反应让他欣喜。I am delighted to receive the gift.收到这份礼物我很高兴。【拓展】delight n. 快乐；愉快；v. 使高兴；乐于to on

13、es delight 令某人高兴的是take delight in sth./doing sth.以做某事为乐delightful adj. 令人高兴的Tom is delighted at/to hear the good news.汤姆听到这个好消息感到很高兴。To our great delight，the day turned out fine that morning.令我们感到非常高兴的是那天早晨天气转晴了。The child takes delight in making fun of others.这个孩子以取笑别人为乐。They gave a delightful party

14、.他们举办了一场愉快的聚会。achieve【点拨】achieve vt. (achieved, achieved, achieving) 达到（目的）；取得（胜利）；完成achieve ones purpose 达到目的achieve success 获得成功achieve victory 获得胜利achieve modernization 实现现代化Even more amazing is how they achieve this level of organization. (2015安徽高考)更令人吃惊的是他们达到了这个组织水平。Reading her biography, I was

15、 lost in admiration for Doris Lessing had achieved in literature. （2015陕西高考）读完了她的自传后，我对Doris Lessing在文学上做出的贡献非常敬佩。He hopes to achieve all his aims soon.他希望尽快达到所有目标。The university has achieved all its goals this year. 这个大学今年已经实现了所有的奋斗目标。Maurice has achieved his hope of becoming a doctor.莫里斯实现了成为一名医生的

16、愿望。【拓展】achievement n. 成就, 功绩marry【原句回放】Mubai feels that he cannot marry Xiulian. 慕白觉得他不能和秀莲结婚。【点拨】marry vt.& vi.嫁；娶；结婚；为主持婚礼They married a month after they met.他们相识一个月后就结婚了。The local priest has agreed to marry us in the church当地的牧师已经同意在教堂里为我们主持婚礼。He married his three daughters to rich men.他把三个女儿都嫁给了

17、有钱人。【拓展】marriage n结婚；婚姻；婚礼；married adj. 已婚的；a married man 已婚男子；be married to 嫁/娶了某人(强调状态)；get married to嫁/娶了某人(强调动作)。Billy got married to the first girl he went out with.比利和自己的初恋女友结了婚。After ten years of marriage, they are divorcing.他们结婚十年了，现在正在闹离婚。Which priest is going to marry them?哪位牧师来为他们主持婚礼？int

18、erest【点拨】interest vt.使感兴趣；n.兴趣；(常用复数interests)利益It is the character in the film that interests us most.最吸引我们的是电影的特色。have no /some/much/ little interest in sth. 对没有/有些/很有/ 没有多少兴趣show/lose interest in 表现出/失去对的兴趣develop an interest in 培养对的兴趣take an interest in对感兴趣with interest有兴趣地His two interests in l

19、ife are music and painting.音乐和绘画是他生活中的两大兴趣爱好。interesting/ interested adj.be interested in 对感兴趣重点短语put on【点拨】句中put on 意为“挂上，悬挂”，另外put on还有“穿上；增加体重；上演；提高”等含义。The keeper then scurried to put on his dress uniform and cap. （2015高考湖南卷）然后守卫者匆忙过去穿上制服，带上帽子。After he was put on disability for a bad back, he bo

20、ught a small farm in the country, just enough to grow food for the family. （2015四川高考）由于背部病痛而残疾，他在乡下买了一座小农场，只够种点全家吃的粮食。Maximo put on a pair of glasses.马克西莫戴上了一副眼镜。The band are hoping to put on a show before the end of the year. 那个乐队希望年底之前举办一场演出。I can eat what I want but I never put on weight.我能想吃什么就吃

21、什么，但是体重从来不增加。【拓展】“put+副词/介词”的相关短语：put off 推迟，延期put aside 撇开，置之不理；节省，储蓄，储存put back 放回；推迟，延迟；拨回put down 写下，记下；击败；平定put forward 提出；把向前拨put out 熄灭，扑灭；生产，制造put up 举起；张贴，公布；接待，供膳宿put up with 容忍play an important part/ role in 【点拨】play an important part/ role in 在起重要的作用Experts say the way you design your ho

22、me could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.（2015高考新课标二卷）专家说你设计你家的方式对于你是长胖还是减肥有一定的作用。Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or cultures celebrations or traditions.（2015高考安徽卷）食物也有特别的含义，在一个家庭或文化的庆祝活动或传统方面有重要的作用。Besides dieting, exerci

23、sing plays an important part in losing weight.除了节食，锻炼对于减肥也能起到重要的作用。play the part of 扮演的角色Im delighted to play the part of Harry Potter.扮演哈利波特我很高兴。You didnt realize the part that technology plays in industry.你没有意识到技术在工业中起到的作用。now that【点拨】now that表示“既然”，大致相当于since，引导原因状语从句时，that可以省去。Now that Chicagos

24、waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River, the citys next step was to clean the polluted river.Now that Chicagos waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River, the citys next step was to clean the polluted river.（2015湖南高考）既然芝加哥的废水正大量地排进芝加哥河，这个城市的下一步工作就是清理被污染的河流。Now th

25、at the chances of dying young are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care. (2015广东高考)既然年少夭折的可能性更低了，那么活得更长的机会就更高了，因为有了更好的饮食和卫生保健。Now that everyone is here lets start work现在人都齐了，咱们开始干吧。Now that we have covered the whole chapter we may have a discussio

26、n next time we meet整个一章都看完了，下次见面时就可以讨论了。come out【点拨】come out 意思是开花，出版，结果是，明白等。The truth is beginning to come out about what happened.真相开始逐渐浮出水面。Look. The suns come out.瞧，太阳出来了。So what makes a good marriage? Faithfulness comes out top of the list.那么，是什么造就了美满的婚姻呢？结果表明忠诚是第一位的。【拓展】come构成的相关短语：come about

27、 发生come across 偶然遇到come true （预言、期望等）变成现实come into being 形成，出现come up 出现，走上前来care about 【点拨】care about 关心；计较；在乎；忧虑He thinks about/of only himself and dont care about other people.他只想到自己，从不关心他人。The company may be dangerous, so we care about that.公司可能很难办下去， 我们因此而忧虑。【拓展】care for 喜欢；照顾；介意take care of 照顾

28、；处理with care 小心点take care 当心She cares for her father all through his long illness.她在父亲久病期间一直照料着他。Her secretary always took care of the details.细节问题总是由她的秘书来处理。词语辨析live, lively, lovely, living, alive【点拨】live adj. 现场直播的；活着的(多修饰物)live performance 现场直播的节目experiment on live animals 活动物的实验lively adj. 充满活力的

29、，生气勃勃的；充满兴趣的，热烈的；生动的，栩栩如生的The lessons given by Mr. Smith are always lively and interesting. 史密斯先生的课总是生动有趣。He always likes a lively child.他总是喜欢活泼的孩子。a lively discussion 热烈的讨论lovely adj. 可爱的He had a lovely voice.他的声音很动听。living adj. 活着的，有生命的，现存的，健在的(可做表语，作定语修饰名词放在名词的前面)one of the greatest living compos

30、ers健在的最伟大的作曲家之一Grandpa is still living at the age of 90.爷爷已经90岁了还健在。alive adj. 活着的，还有气的，与“死亡”相对；可做表语，作定语修饰名词时后置。He was alive when they took him to hospital.我们把他送到医院时他还是活着的。be tired of, be tired from【点拨】be tired of表示“厌烦”。Dont you feel tired of sitting there all day long doing nothing?整天坐在那里无所事事你不烦吗？I

31、m tired of watching television. Lets go for a walk.我看烦了电视，我们去散散步吧！be tired from表示“因而疲倦”。Im very tired from running as fast as I can.奋力奔跑后，我感到很疲倦。All of us got tired from climbing the mountain.我们所有的人爬山都爬累了。argue，discuss，quarrel，debateargue 是指提出理由或证据为自己或自己的一方的看法或立场辩护，着重说理，论证和企图说服；discuss 最常用词，指就某一或某些问

32、题表明观点、看法等，以便统一认识，解决问题；quarrel指两人之间或两个团体之间不友好地、吵吵嚷嚷地大声争论某事，尤指“吵嘴，吵架”；debate 侧重指意见等对立双方之间正式或公开的争辩。congratulate, celebratecongratulate是指对某人取得的成就或喜庆之事表示“庆贺，祝贺”，其宾语是“人”，常与介词on搭配。celebrate是指对某一节日、生日、胜利和成功等的“庆祝”，宾语是物。We congratulated him on having passed the examination.我们祝贺他考试及格。We celebrated the New Year

33、 with a dance party.我们举行舞蹈晚会庆祝新年。believe in, believebelieve in“信任；信仰”，多指品德上的相信。believe表示相信某人的话、相信某事等，believe sb.=believe what sb. says“相信某人的话”。Do you believe in Chinas traditional herbal medicine?你相信中国传统的中草药吗？How can you believe in such a person?你怎么能信任这样一个人呢？He does not believe in religion.他不信仰宗教。ab

34、oard，abroad，board，broadaboard是副词或介词，在船上，飞机上，车上；上船、飞机、车；abroad是副词，在国外，到国外；board名词含义是“木板；委员会；理事会”。作动词意为“寄宿；上船/飞机”；broad是形容词，宽阔的；清楚的；明显的。He was already aboard the plane. 他已经登机了。I had always been attracted by the idea of working abroad. 我总是向往去国外工作。I boarded the plane bound for England. 我登上了飞往英格兰的飞机。He w

35、as tall and broad with humped shoulders. 他身高体宽，双肩隆起。contain, include【点拨】contain 意为“包含，含有，容纳，里面装有”，指的是包含的全部内容或容量，也可指里面所含的成分。不用于进行时态。Whisky contains a large percentage of alcohol. 威士忌的酒精含量极高。The hall can contain two hundred people. 大厅可以容纳200人。include 意为“包含；连在内，计入，算入，包括”，只能用于表示所包含之物中的一部分，其后的宾语往往是主语的一部分

36、。常用 “including被包括部分”或“被包括部分included”。Many people like tennis, including me/me included. 许多人喜欢网球，也包括我。 affect，effect与influence【点拨】affect常作及物动词，影响，感动，感染。The tax increases have affected us all. 加税已经影响了我们所有的人。 effect 常作名词，“结果，效果，作用，影响”，常用于词组：have an effect on/upon sb. 对有影响；take effect 生效，实行；come/go into

37、 effect 开始生效，开始实施。Jasper has put up “No Parking” signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect.贾斯珀“把禁止停车”的牌子挂在大门外，但这没产生什么效果。influence可作动词也可作名词，表示“影响、感染”的意思时，是指使思想、行为、性质或发展和成长等发生变化的影响。它可以指坏的影响，也可以指好的影响，这种影响常常是潜移默化的。Its all too easy to be influenced by our parents. 我们容易受父母的影响。Her influence

38、 made me a better person. 她对我的影响使我成为一个更好的人。above all, first of all, first(ly), at first【点拨】above allmost important of all首先；最重要的是；特别是；尤其(强调地位上的重要性)，指重要性在若干事物中位列第一。He longs above all to see his family again. 他尤其渴望再见到家里的人。first of all虽也强调重要性，但更多的还是侧重于顺序或次序，译作“首先，第一”。First of all, let them introduce th

39、emselves to us. 首先，让他们向我们作自我介绍。first(ly)用于列举若干事物时引出第一项，指次序，但语气不及first of all强。I cant go. Firstly I have no time; secondly I have no money.我不能去。首先，我没有时间；其次，我没有钱。at first指时间，译作“开始，起初”，相当于in the beginning。I thought this was funny at first, but I felt a bit bad about it later.一开始我认为这非常可笑，但之后我却对此感到有些后悔。e

40、arn, gain, win【点拨】earn为了钱或任何其他报酬而工作，而且含有“这些报酬是应得的”意思。He is paid less than he really earns. 与他真正该赚得的相比, 他的待遇是太少了。 win指在竞赛、战争、比赛中获胜，并可能由此得到奖赏。The speaker soon won his audience. 演讲人很快赢得了听众的好感。 gain指获得有用或需要的东西，而且与win和earn不同，它用在与钱没有关系的场合。Many countries have gained national independence after prolonged struggles. 许多国家经过长期斗争而获得了民族独立。