高二英语-知识讲解 Unit 2 Cloning语言点.doc

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1、Unit 2 Cloning语言点编稿：牛新阁 审稿：王春霞 学习目标重点词汇differundertake obtain forbid accumulate resist object attain owe bother strike 重点短语pay off cast down have impact on in favor of be bound to dofrom time to time / bring back to life in vain in good/ poor condition 重点句型Then came the news that.知识讲解重点词汇differ【原句回放

2、】Think about how they differ. 考虑一下它们有怎样的不同。【点拨】differ vi. 有区别，与.相异，不同于常见搭配：differ from 与.不同/有区别（=be different from） differ from/ with 与.意见不一致（=disagree with）differ with sb. on/ about sth. 对某事与某人意见不同 differ in 在方面不同Their house differs from mine in having no garage. 他们的房子和我不同，区别在于没有车库。I differ with hi

3、m on how to solve the problem. 怎样解决这个问题我和他有分歧。【拓展】difference n. 差异, 差别 different adj. 不同的常见搭配：be different from 与不同 make a difference 有差别, 有关系make some (no not much .) difference 有（没有不太大的.）关系undertake【原句回放】It is difficult task to undertake. 这是一项艰难的任务。【点拨】 undertake (undertook, undertaken) vt. 从事，着手，

4、承担 常用搭配：undertake to do sth. 答应/同意做某事 undertake that 保证/答应 undertake for . 为.负责The lawyer undertook the case without a fee. 这位律师免费承办了这个案件。I undertook to teach the children English. 我答应教孩子们英语。I cant undertake that you will make a profit. 我不能保证你会赢利。【拓展】undertaking n. 任务，事业；许诺，保证He was required to give

5、 a written undertaking not to disclose the details of their contract.他被要求提供书面承诺不泄露合同的细节。 obtain 【原句回放】Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain. 尽管目前供克隆研究的人类卵细胞和胚胎很难获得.【点拨】obtain vt. & vi. （尤指经努力）获得，赢得 I havent been able to obtain that book.

6、我还没有得到那本书。Further information can be obtained from head office by calling up the secretary. 进一步的信息可以通过给秘书打电话从总公司获取。【拓展】 区别：obtain，acquire，gain，get1. obtain意为“获得，取得”，不含难以达到之意，但可能经历了较长时间。2. acquire多用于通过不断“学”、“问”等慢慢地获得“学问，技术”等较为抽象的东西。3. gain 含义较obtain近一层，表示付出更大的努力才能获得，故意为“赢得”。4. 普通用语，get指“以某种方法或手段得到某种东

7、西”。Did you get my telegram last Sunday? 上周你收到电报了吗？He obtained experience through practice. 他通过练习获取了经验。We should try to acquire good habits. 我们应该养成好习惯。I hope you will gain greater success. 我希望你会获得成功。forbid 【原句回放】Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning. 有些政府开始改

8、革司法制度，明令禁止进行克隆人类的研究.【点拨】 forbid (forbade, forbidden ) vt. 禁止，不准常用搭配：forbid doing禁止做某事 forbid sb. to do 禁止某人做某事 forbid sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事Smoking is forbidden in the concert hall. 音乐厅禁止吸烟。Most of the parents agree to forbid their children to smoke. 大多数父母都认可禁止孩子吸烟。Women in that country are for

9、bidden from going out without a veil.那个国家的女性不带面纱禁止出门。【拓展】区别forbid，ban，prohibit三者都含“禁止”的意思。1. forbid 常用词, 指“命令某人不做某事”。2. ban 语气较重, 指权威机关“正式禁止”, 含“严厉谴责”之意,只能用事物作其宾语。3. prohibit指“通过法律或政府法令禁止”。如:The doctor forbids him to smoke. 医生禁止他吸烟。Ban atomic and nuclear weapons! 禁止原子武器和核武器!The soldiers were prohibi

10、ted from leaving camp after dark. 天黑后士兵们严禁离开营房。accumulate 【原句回放】. but other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide. .但是其他国家，如中国和英国，则仍然在继续收集克隆技术有可能提供丰富的医疗救助的证据。【点拨】accumulate vt. & vi. 积累, 堆积；（强调“经过一段比较长的时间由少到多的积累”）The

11、company has accumulated great wealth within a few years. 几年来，这家公司已经积累了一大笔财富。However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the London Zoo felt obliged to investigate.然而，随着这种迹象越来越明显，来自伦敦动物园的专家们被迫开始了调查。【拓展】 accumulation n.积聚,累积量 accumulative adj. 累积的，渐增的resist 【原句回放】The advantage is that i

12、f there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.其优点是，如果发生了某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死去，而另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。【点拨】resist v. 抵抗，对抗常用搭配：resist doing sth. 忍住/抵制做某事She resisted being carried off. 她拒绝被带走。A ba

13、lanced diet will increase your ability to resist infection. 饮食均衡会增强你抗感染的能力。I couldnt resist telling him the secret. 我克制不住只得把秘密告诉了他。【拓展】resistance n. 抵制，抗拒 resistant adj. 有抵抗力的【高清课堂：Unit 2 Cloning词语精讲】object 【原句回放】On the other hand, Dollys appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impac

14、t on the media and public imagination. 另一方面，多莉的出现引起了一阵强烈的反对，对媒体和公众的想象力也产生了极大的影响。【点拨】object1）n. 物体,对象C （注意重音在第一个音节）I dont know the names of the objects in this lab. 我不知道这个实验室中物品的名称。She became anobjectof worship. 她成为一个崇拜的对象。2）n.目的,宗旨CWhat is the object of his visit? 他的造访是什么目的呢？The object of this class

15、 is to learn vocabulary. 这次课的目标是学习词汇。3）v. 反对（注意重音在第二个音节）常用搭配：object to 反对 （to是介词，后接名词、代词、动名词） No one objected to carrying out the plan. 没有人反对执行这个计划。Many peopleobjectto experimentation on animals. 很多人反对在动物身上做实验。【拓展】objection 反对，不赞成，异议attain 【原句回放】.newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone them

16、selves to attain their ambitions. 报纸报道说，有些邪恶头目希望把自己克隆出来以实现他们的野心。【点拨】attain v. 达到;获得（多接抽象的东西）They are not likely to attain this aim. 他们并没有可能实现这个目标。Im determined toattainmy purpose at any cost. 我下定决心要达到我的目的，不达目的不罢休。Can youattainthe goal you have set yourselves? 你能达到你为自己设定的目标吗？The tree in front of my h

17、ouse haveattainedto a great height. 我家门前的这棵树已经长到了很高的高度。（attain是不及物动词，to 到达.）He has achieved heights that I can never hope toattainto.他已经达到我永远也无法达到的高度。owe 【原句回放】You owe the lady an apology. 你应该向这位女士道歉。【点拨】owe 1）vt. 欠(债等)I owe the landlord one hundred dollars. 我欠房东100美元。= I owe one hundred dollars to

18、the landlord.You owe yourself a holiday. 你该给自己放个假。2）vt. 感激 (+to)We owe a great deal to our parents. 我们应该感激父母/我们亏欠父母很多。3）应该把归功于(+to)We owe to Newton the principle of gravity. 我们把地心引力原理归功于牛顿。（the principle of gravitation是宾语，因为过长而后置）【拓展】You owe me one. 你欠我个人情。bother 【原句回放】However, the problem that she

19、later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists. 然而，不久后她染上严重肺病的问题困扰着科学家。【点拨】bother vt. & vi. 烦扰,打搅,使恼怒,使困惑常用搭配：bother sb. 使某人恼怒/困惑bother about/with 因为.而烦心bother to do sth. 费心去做某事I cant bother him with my little affairs. 我不能因为这点小事就打扰他。The way my brother talked to mother bothered me. 我兄弟跟妈妈

20、谈话的方式很生气。The complexities of interpersonal relations bothered her. （此句中bother相当于confuse）人与人之间的关系的复杂性真让她困惑。Dont bother about that trifling matter. 不要因为区区小事而烦心。 You neednt bother to come to my office. 你不用特别麻烦来我办公室了。【拓展】bother n. 烦恼,麻烦 注意：bother一般是不可数名词，但有时具体化，成为可数名词，表示具体的“烦人的人或事”。We had a lot of bothe

21、r finding a vacant apartment. 我们费了很大的劲才找到一间空的公寓。Tom is a bother to his teacher. 汤姆是老师的大麻烦。strike 【原句回放】The popularity of films such as Jurassic Park, in which a scientist clones several kinds of extinct dinosaurs, proves how the idea struck a mixture of fear and excitement into peoples hearts. 在侏罗纪公

22、园这部影片中，有一位科学家克隆了好几种不同的绝种恐龙。类似这样的电影很受欢迎，证明了这一想法使人们感到既恐惧又兴奋。【点拨】strike（struck，struck）vt.& vi. 打,击,撞，擦(火柴)；（某种想法）突然出现；打动，迷住；(钟)敲响报(时)，（灾难、疾病）侵袭；罢工 常用短语：strike . into ones heart 使.刻骨铭心He struck me with a stick. 他用棍子打我。How does the plan strike you? 你感觉那计划怎么样？An idea suddenly struck（=hit）me. 我心中忽然产生一个念头。T

23、he workers were striking because they wanted more money.工人们在罢工，因为他们要求增加工资。The clock is striking twelve. 钟正敲响12点。The area was struck (=hit) by an outbreak of cholera. 那一地区爆发了霍乱。The word “cancer” still strikes terror into many hearts. “癌症”这个词仍然使很多人感到恐惧。注意：表示“（某种想法）突然出现，（自然灾难）侵袭”时，也可以用hit。【拓展】strike n.

24、 攻击；罢工The strike is due to begin on Tuesday. 罢工预定于星期二开始。 重点短语pay off 【原句回放】But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough the cloning of Dolly the sheep. 但是决心和耐心使科学家们最终于1996年收获了突破性的结果克隆羊“多莉”。【点拨】pay off 取得成功，得到好的结果；偿还，还清（债务等）His four years of hard w

25、ork paid off and he got the position. 他四年的努力有了好结果，他赢得了那个职位。The couple spent ten years paying off the debts. 这对夫妻花了10年时间还清了债务。【拓展】相关短语：pay (sb.) for. 支付（给某人）.的费用pay back 报复，报答，偿还，偿付pay attention to. 注意.pay a visit to. 拜访，参观cast down 【原句回放】Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dollys illnesse

26、s were more appropriate to a much older animal. 研究克隆的科学家发现多莉得的病更容易发生在年老的羊身上，这让他们很沮丧。【点拨】cast down 使沮丧, 使气馁（常用于被动语态，表示“感到沮丧”）注意：cast的过去式、过去分词与原形一样。He was much cast down by the failure of the experiment. 实验的失败使他非常沮丧。Dont be so cast down. Just keep up your spirits. 不要这样低沉，要保持高昂的情绪。have (a great) impact

27、 on 【原句回放】On the other hand, Dollys appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination. 另一方面，多莉的出现引起了一阵强烈的反对，对媒体和公众的想象力也产生了极大的影响。【点拨】have (a great) impact on 对有巨大影响。The anti-smoking campaign has had quite a great impact on young people. 这场反对吸烟的运动对年轻人有极

28、大的影响。This book made a great impact on its readers. 这本书对其读者产生了巨大的影响。【拓展】impact n. 撞击，冲击；巨大的影响in favor of 【原句回放】Is it in favor of cloning or against cloning? 它是赞成克隆行为还是反对克隆行为？【点拨】in favour of赞成，支持The score was 80 to 78 in favour of the guest team. 比分80比78，客队领先。The exchange rate is in our favour today.

29、 今天的汇率对我们有利。【拓展1】含favour的短语：in sbs favour 对某人有利，受某人的欢迎 do sb. a favour 帮某人个忙ask sb. a favour 请某人帮忙【拓展2】表示“赞成”的其它短语：be for sb. / sth. 支持某人/某事stand on sbs side 支持某人，站在某人一边stand by sb. 支持某人反义短语：be against sb./ sth. 反对某人/ 某事 object to 反对be bound to do【原句回放】Dollys death, like her birth, was bound to rais

30、e worries. 多莉之死，正如她的出生一样，注定会带来焦虑。【点拨】be bound to (do) 肯定会，一定会，注定会 （bound adj. 一定的，必定的）The weather is bound to get better tomorrow. 明天天气一定会变好。Youve done so much work that you are bound to pass the exam.你已经做了这么努力，你肯定会通过考试。from time to time / bring back to life 【原句回放】 From time to time people suggest t

31、hat extinct animals like dinosaurs, can possibly be brought back to life through cloning. 不时地会有人提议，克隆技术将有可能使地球上已经消失的动物（如恐龙）复活。【点拨1】from time to time 有时，偶尔They come to see us from time to time. 他们有时过来看看我们。The car manufacturers changed the car models from time to time.汽车制造商不时地改变车的设计。【拓展】表示“有时，偶尔”的表达法(

32、every) now and then at times occasionally once in a while【点拨2】bring back to life 使更有趣，使更生动，使恢复生机；使复活，苏醒Flowers can bring a dull room back to life. 鲜花可以使沉闷的房间恢复生机。The doctor tried his best to bring her back to life. 那位医生尽最大努力把她救活了。【拓展】含bring的短语：bring about 导致，引起bring back 把.带回来，使恢复（健康）bring down 打倒，降

33、低，减少bring forward 提出，提议，把.提前bring in 收获，收进（农作物）；挣得，赚入bring up 养育，抚养in vain 【原句回放】All efforts of cloning an animal will be in vain if there is not enough diversity in the group to overcome illnesses.【点拨】in vain 白费力气，枉费心机All our efforts were in vain. 我们所有的努力都付诸东流了。He tried in vain to catch the butterf

34、ly on the flower. 他白费力气想抓住停在花上的蝴蝶。【拓展】带in的短语：in advance提前 in charge (of) 主管 in debt 负债 in despair 失望in order 井然有序 in progress 有进展 in practice 在实践中，实际上in return 作为报答in ruins 一片废墟 in theory 理论上 in danger 处于危险中in good/ poor condition【原句回放】The dodo became extinct fairly recently so its DNA is still in g

35、ood condition. 渡渡鸟是最近灭绝的，所以它的DNA状况依旧良好。【点拨】in good/ poor condition 身体健康/不好；情况良好/不好The house was obviously in good condition then. 那时这座房子的状况还很好。The patient was in a pitiful condition. 那个病人处于一种非常可怜的状况。【拓展】有关短语：in/ under this condition 在这种情况下in/ under no condition 在任何情况下都不，决不on condition that. 如果.，在.条件

36、下 重点句型Then came the news that.【原句回放】Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. 接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。【点拨】Then came the news that.此句是全部倒装句，即把谓语动词全部置于主语之前。常见的结构有：1. 当方位或方式副词或介词短语here，there，now，then，thus等置于句首，谓语动词是be，come，go，lie，run等时。Then came the order to leave. 接着传来了出发的命令。In come the teacher, book in hand. 老师进来了，手里拿着书。2. 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语是表示运动的动词时。Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 一枚导弹从轰炸机下飞射而去。Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐着一位老妇人。注意：全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes. 他来了。 Away they went. 他们走了。