2022年2022年大学英语四级听力练习(16)_大学英语四级听力练习.doc

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1、2022年2022年大学英语四级听力练习(16)_大学英语四级听力练习四六级考试网权威发布2022年大学英语四级听力练习(16)，更多2022年大学英语四级听力练习(16)相关信息请访问大学英语四六级考试网。【新东方】四六级秋季定制班！权师助你高分过关点击免费试听！The political crisis in Ukraine has forced many European nations to reconsider their dependence on Russia for energy. Some nations are looking at new ways to recover n

2、atural gas at home, these methods include a disputed process known as hydraulic fracturing or fracking. The process involves the use of liquid chemicals to break rock. Experts believe Europe might have trillions of cubic meters of shale gas. Shale is a kind of rock. France, Poland and Ukraine are th

3、ought to have the largest amounts of shale gas. Large supplies have been found in Romania, Bulgaria and Britain. Lucia Seybert is with the the Wilson Center in Washington. She says the presence of large shale gas reserves and political problems in Ukraine have increased interest in Europes shale gas

4、. With energy security its not just a matter of supply, its also a question of reliability. And one thing that this may do, it may expedite some of these explorations of shale gas within the European Union, Seybert said. But Europe is believed to be years away from major shale gas production. Poland

5、, Britain and Romania are expected to start exploration by 2022. Removing shale gas through hydraulic fracking is the subject of often intense debate. Most drilling areas in Europe are near populated areas and environmental groups have raised concerns about water and air pollution from fracking. The

6、re also are political concerns. Eric Stewart is the president of the Romanian-American and Polish-American Business Councils. He says European taxes and rules on the industry make it difficult for gas removal companies. Energy companies also must battle a strong environmental movement and public opp

7、osition. Keith Smith is a former U.S. ambassador to Lithuania. He says the fracking can help Europe meet its energy needs if the plan includes fossil fuels and renewable sources of energy like solar and wind. Much of Europes gas flows through a pipeline from Russia across Ukraine. But Ukraine has ha

8、d difficulty paying Russias Gazprom energy company. And earlier this year, Ukrainian protesters ousted the countrys pro-Russia president. The new government signed economic agreements with the European Union, over Russian objections. Now Russia has signaled it may cut off gas to Ukraine, and to much of Europe. The Wilson Centers Lucia Seybert says shale gas exploration will not provide Europe complete energy independence from Russian imports, but it will reduce that dependence in the long-term.第 3 页 共 3 页