2022高三总复习教案：高二重点词汇五.doc

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1、总复习：高二重点词汇五编稿：王春霞 审稿：陈玉莲知识讲解重点单词： expose【点拨】expose v. 使暴露；使失去掩蔽或保护，expose常与to连用，to在这里用作介词，其后要接名词、代词或相当于名词形式的词语作介词宾语。Being exposed to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin.暴露在阳光下太长时间将对皮肤不好。The boys exposed themselves to disease. 孩子们受到疾病的威胁。The mother exposed her children to classical m

2、usic.母亲使她的孩子们受到古典音乐的影响。She smiled suddenly, exposing a set of amazingly white teeth. 她突然笑了，露出一口洁白的牙齿。The little girl did not want to expose her fears to anyone.小女孩不想把恐惧暴露于任何人。My job as a journalist is to expose the truth. 我作为新闻记者的工作就是揭露事实。As a journalist in the war, she was exposed to many dangers.作

3、为战地记者，她置身于多种危险中。【拓展】exposure n.（与to连用）暴露，揭露；曝光，底片张数，曝光时间condemn【点拨】condemn vt. 责难，责备，谴责We condemn his foolish behavior. 我们谴责他的愚蠢行为。 宣告有罪，判刑（+to）be condemned to sth. 被处以某种刑罚The judge condemned the thief to one year of hard labor. 法官判这个贼服一年苦役。 迫使处于（不幸的状态）；使某人注定要（+to）Paralysis of the lower limbs condem

4、ned him to a wheelchair. 下肢瘫痪使他只好坐轮椅。 宣告不适用（不完善等） The old bridge has been condemned. 这座旧桥已被宣告不能使用。 【拓展】同义表达：be sentenced to sth. 被处以某种刑罚potential【点拨】potential adj. 潜在的，可能的（无比较级）；n. 潜力，潜能，可能性，潜在性potential danger/resource/ customers 潜在的危险/资源/顾客First we need to identify actual and potential problems. 首

5、先我们需要找出实际的隐藏的问题。The firm has identified 60 potential customers at home and abroad.该公司已在国内外找到60个潜在客户。We are aware of the potential problems and have taken every precaution.我们已意识到潜在的问题，并采取了全面的预防措施。The school strives to treat pupils as individuals and to help each one to achieve their full potential.学校

6、力求对每一个学生因材施教，帮助他们充分发挥其潜力。Denmark recognised the potential of wind energy early.丹麦早就认识到了风能的潜力。The potential for conflict is great.爆发冲突的可能性很大。He is a writer with great potential. 他是个有潜能的作家。【拓展】potentially adv. 潜在地；potentiality n. 潜力，潜在的可能性Potentially this could damage the reputation of the whole indus

7、try.这可能会毁掉整个行业的声誉。The breathtaking potentialities of mechanization set the minds of manufacturers and merchants on fire.机械化的惊人潜力使制造厂和商人们激动不已。remark【点拨】remark n. & v. 注意，观察，话语，评论；觉察，评论make/ pass remarks on/ about 对发表评论remark on/ upon n. 评论，评述，注意；v. 谈到，说起He only made a few remarks on the subject at th

8、e meeting.他在会上就那个话题只谈了几句。She could hear the other girls making rude remarks about her.她能听见其他女孩子对她不客气的评价。Everyone remarked on his absence. 大家对他的缺席议论纷纷。【拓展】remarkable adj. 值得注意的，不同寻常的；remarkably adv. 相当；不同寻常地He has made remarkable progress in English.他在英语学习方面取得了显著的进步。The city is remarkable for its bea

9、utiful scenery.这座城市以其优美的景色而著称。Remarkably, the child recovered from a disease which had swept the world, killing and crippling millions.令人意想不到的是，这个孩子从病中康复了，而这种病症曾经席卷整个世界，使数以百万计的人丧生或残疾。consequently 【点拨】consequently adv. 所以，因此Grandfather Dingsdale had sustained a broken back while working in the mines.

10、 Consequently, he spent the rest of his life in a wheelchair.丁斯戴尔爷爷在矿井里工作时被压断了脊骨，结果，下半辈子都与轮椅为伴了。Relations between the two companies had, consequently, never been close.因此，两家公司之间的关系一直都不太亲密。【拓展】同义表达：as a consequence/ in consequence/ as a result 结果，因此；thus adv. 因此，就这样；therefore adv. 因此，所以；hence adv. 因此

11、，所以；so conj. 因此，所以（引导的是并列句）；adv. （在叙述过程中引出一系列事件中的下一件或说明两件事情之间的联系）此后，于是Even in a highly skilled workforce some people will be more capable and thus better paid than others.就算是在技术高度熟练的劳动者中，也会有人能力更强，因此，薪水也就更高。Martin helped his father dig the water gardens out by hand. Thus he discovered his interest in

12、 gardening.马丁亲手帮他父亲修建起了水景园，就这样对园艺产生了兴趣。Muscle cells need lots of fuel and therefore burn lots of calories.肌肉细胞需要很多能量，所以会燃烧大量卡路里。Whatever is hidden is harmful (hence revelation equals security).任何隐藏的东西都是有害的（所以披露就等于安全）。Theircurrencieswillappreciateasaresult.结果是这些国家的货币会升值。I was an only child, so I had

13、no experience of large families.我是独生子，因此没有在大家庭里生活的经历。I thought, “Heres someone wholl understand me.” So I wrote to her.我想：“这个人会理解我的。”于是开始给她写信。permit【点拨】permit v. 允许；破例做；n. 执照permit sb. to do sth. =allow sb. to do sth. 允许permit sth./ doing sth. =allow doing sth. 许可/容许(某事物)存在/发生Her mother would not pe

14、rmit her to come back late.她的妈妈是不会允许她晚归的。Permit me to explain it. 容我解释一下。We dont permit smoking in the office.在我们的办公室里不准吸烟。Dogs are not permitted in the building. 不得携狗进入楼内。If time permits, well go shopping.假如时间允许，我们就去购物。Only once in his life had Douglas permitted himself to lose control of his emoti

15、ons.道格拉斯一生中只有一次情绪失控。He has to apply for a permit, and we have to find him a job.他必须要申请工作许可证，我们得给他找份工作。classify【点拨】classify vt. 分类；归类；把分等级classify sth. by/ according to 根据为某物分类classify sth. in / into 把某物分成classify sth. as 把归类为In the library, books are usually classified by subjects.图书馆的书通常按科目分类。It is

16、 necessary initially to classify the headaches into certain types.首先，必须将头痛分为几个类型。Is this article classified as a novel or a report? 这篇文章是归到小说类还是报道类？【拓展】classified adj. 分类的，分等级的；classification n. 分类法，分类classified advertisements 分类广告In this paper, we present a novel text classification method. 本文提出了一种

17、新的文本分类方法。betray【点拨】betray vt. 出卖，背叛；泄露；失信于，辜负，违背betray oneself 露出本来面目betray sth. to sb. 向某人泄露某事Her face betrayed her nervousness. 她的脸上流露出紧张。The officer betrayed the secret to his friends. 这位官员把秘密透露给他的朋友们。When I tell someone I will not betray his confidence, I keep my word.如果我告诉某人我不会辜负他的信任，我就会恪守诺言。We

18、 betray the ideals of our country when we support capital punishment.如果我们支持死刑，那就背弃了我们立国的理念。She studied his face, but it betrayed nothing.她仔细端详了一番他的脸，但什么也没有看出来。【拓展】betrayal n. 泄露，出卖；betrayer n. 背叛者，叛徒a betrayal of my principles 出卖我的原则She was her friend and now calls her a betrayer.她曾经是她的朋友，现在却叫她叛徒。co

19、mpromise【点拨】compromise n. 妥协；连累,危及(+of)；vt. 连累，危及；放弃(原则等)；泄露(秘密等)；vi. 妥协，让步(+on)I hope we shall come to a compromise. 我希望我们会达成一个折衷的方案。The interior decoration of the house is a compromise between Chinese and foreign styles. 房子的内部装潢是中外风格的和谐的融合。She did it without compromise of her reputation. 她在不危及她的声誉

20、的情况下做了此事。You will compromise your good name if you associate with these people. 你如果与这些人联系会危及自己的好名声。He refused to compromise his principles. 他拒绝放弃他的原则。I wanted to go to Greece, and my wife wanted to go to Spain, so we compromised on Italy.我想去希腊，我妻子想去西班牙，于是我们互相妥协去了意大利。intend 【点拨】intend vt. 打算；计划intend

21、 to do/doing sth. 打算做某事Ive made a mistake though I didnt intend to. 虽然不是有意，但我犯了错。intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事This was intended to be a picture of a cat. 这幅画原本是要画猫的。intend.as.be intended as. 打算把当做intend.for.be intended for 为打算或设计The chair was intended for you, but she took it away. 那椅子原来是要给你的，可是她拿走

22、了。【拓展】相关单词和短语：intention n. 打算；计划plan (to do) sth. 打算（计划）做某事be meant for = be intended for 注定适于某种用途，命中注定，为而准备比较：be meant to do 按道理应该做；mean to do 打算做；mean doing 意味着If you plan what youre going to eat, you reduce your chances of overeating.如果计划一下要吃什么，就有可能不会吃得过多。He planned to leave Baghdad on Monday.他计划

23、周一离开巴格达。It would be difficult for schools to plan for the future.学校很难筹划未来。John was constantly reassuring me that we were meant to be together.约翰不断安慰我说，我们注定要在一起。Summer is the perfect time to catch up on the new books you meant to read.夏天是把想读却没读的新书恶补一下的最佳时机。Managing well means communicating well.良好的管理

24、需要有效的沟通。重点短语:apart from 【点拨】apart from 除之外；另外用法：apart from根据上下文的不同，既可以用作besides，in addition to；也可以用作except或except for。I hardly know anyone in the village apart from William. (except)除了威廉外，我几乎不认识村里的任何人。Apart from a few faults, he is a perfect teacher. (except for)除了少许缺点之外，他是个很好的老师。Apart from the inju

25、ries to his face and hands, he broke both legs. (besides)除了脸部和双手受伤外，他两条腿也断了。【拓展】相关单词和短语：in addition to 除之外，还，与besides同义。In addition to the twins, Jason has another child. 除了双胞胎外，詹森还有个孩子。注意：in addition意为“另外”，一般用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。besides表示一种累加关系，指“除了什么之外，还有”，在否定句中，与but, except同义。except/ but表示一种排除关系，意指“除了什么之

26、外，不再有except for 除之外，指所排除的部分是前面所述对象的细节，与所述部分不是一类事物。stand up for【点拨】stand up for 支持，维护You must stand up for your right. 你一定要维护自己的权利。They stood up for what they believed to be right.他们维护他们认为是正确的东西。【拓展1】同义表达：defend; be in support ofMatt defended all of Clarences decisions, right or wrong.克拉伦斯的决定，不管对错，马特

27、都予以维护。Still,someotherswereinsupportoftheban.当然，还有些人支持禁止名单的行为。【拓展2】含stand的短语：stand up 站起；起立 stand for 代表，表示；主张stand out 突出；显著 stand by 支持；袖手旁观；准备行动stand behind 支持 stand aside 站开；不参与；靠边站subscribe to【点拨】subscribe to 同意，赞成，订购Which journal do you subscribe to? 你订阅哪一种杂志? No one but mad people would subscr

28、ibe to such views. 只有疯子才会同意这样的观点。 【拓展】subscribe vi. 同意；捐赠；订阅（常与to连用）；vt. 签署（文件）；定期捐助People in the office subscribe 1 a week for coffee. 办公室的人一周拿一英镑买咖啡。Please subscribe your name to the document. 请在文件上签名。wear out【点拨】wear out 用坏，穿破；（使）筋疲力尽，耗尽 Every time she consulted her watch, she wondered if the bat

29、teries were wearing out.每次她看手表，都会怀疑是不是电池没电了。He wore out his shoes wandering around Mexico City.他在墨西哥城到处游荡，磨坏了鞋子。The past few days had really worn him out.过去的几天真把他给累坏了。The young people run around kicking a ball, wearing themselves out.年轻人跑来跑去踢着球，把自己弄得精疲力竭。【拓展】worn out 破旧不堪的，磨损的，用坏的；疲惫不堪的，精疲力竭的；（观点等）过

30、时的，陈腐的His stubborn resistance to anything new eventually wore out the patience of his superiors.他始终不愿接受任何新事物，最终让上司失去了耐心。No matter how often they turn up, their welcome never wears out.不管他们多久露面一次，都永远那么受欢迎。faded bits of worn-out clothing 褪色的破旧衣服碎片Before the race, he is fine. But afterwards he is worn

31、out.赛前他状态很好，赛后就筋疲力尽了。“A passport to a brighter future”, it sounds like a worn-out advertising slogan, but for once the clich has substance.“通往更加光明的未来的通行证”，这话听起来像句老掉牙的广告词，但这次这句套话却言之有物。answer for【点拨】answer for 符合（需要）；对负责；充当；许诺；为了而受惩罚；为付出代价；（对问题）负有很大责任He must be made to answer for his terrible crimes.他

32、必须为他的严重罪行付出代价。Illanswerforit that this man is honest. 我担保这个人诚实可靠。You will have toanswerforyour rush and carelessness. 你这样毛躁非吃苦头不可。This willanswerfora chisel. 这东西可以当凿子用。This tool willanswerforour needs. 这工具将满足我们的需要。This box willanswerfora chair. 这个箱子可以当椅子用。【拓展】同义表达：be responsible for; be accountable

33、forYou shouldberesponsibleforall the consequences. 你应当为这一切后果承担责任。Evidence is accumulating that a defective gene mayberesponsibleforthis disease. 越来越多的证据表明该疾病是由一种有缺陷的基因引起的。Hestillneededtobeaccountableforhisactions.但他还是要为自己的所作所为付出代价。词义辨析：stable, steady, firm 【点拨】stable, steady, firm这些形容词都有“稳固的”之意。stab

34、le多指根基牢固，平衡良好，也指性格或位置等的稳定，不可移动或改变。语义较强，主要修饰以牢固基础而建立起来的事物。steady指保持平衡不动摇。用于有形物时，指没有根基的稳固，也指动中的稳。firm指牢固不可动摇或意志、信仰的坚定。stable government 稳定的政府a stable marriage 稳定的婚姻The price of oil should remain stable for the rest of 2013.油价会在2013年剩下的时间里保持稳定。The injured man was in a stable condition.伤者情况稳定。Their char

35、acters are fully formed and they are both very stable children.他们的性格已经完全形成，两人都是非常持重的孩子。a steady wind 匀速的风a steady speed/ flow/ rate/ pace 稳定的速度/流速/速率/脚步steady prices 稳定的物价hold the ladder steady 扶稳梯子Get as close to the subject as you can and hold the camera steady.尽量靠近拍摄对象，拿稳相机。Despite the steady rai

36、n, the mood was friendly and festive.尽管一直在下雨，气氛却相当友好欢快。If you have to climb up, use a firm platform or a sturdy ladder.如果非要爬上去，就踩在一个稳固的台子上或者找把结实的梯子。We are making slow but steady progress. 我们虽然缓慢但是在稳步前进。It is my firm belief that an effective partnership approach between police and the public is absol

37、utely necessary.我坚信警民之间进行有效合作是绝对必要的。The company, a household name in the States, has a firm foothold in the British market.这家美国国内家喻户晓的公司在英国市场上站稳了脚跟。related, relevant【点拨】二者都表示“与有关”，related 相关的，有联系的；词组：be related torelevant 相应的，有关的；词组：be relevant to The philosophical problems of chance and of free wil

38、l are closely related.或然性和自由意志这两个哲学问题是紧密相关的。We have passed all relevant information on to the police.我们已经把所有相关信息都告知了警方。We are trying to make politics more relevant to younger people.我们试图使政治活动更加贴近年轻人。Therateatwhichananimalagedwasoncebelievedtoberelatedtoitssize.动物衰老的速度曾经被认为是与其体型大小相关的。border, boundary

39、, frontier【点拨】border 边境，边界，常指沿两国边界的地区。The town lies on the border between the US and Mexico.该镇位于美国和墨西哥交界处。boundary 边界线，分界线，常指分隔两国的天然的山脉、河流等界线。The mountain is the boundary between the US and Canada.这座山是美国和加拿大的分界线。frontier 边疆，国境，指一个国家的边界，还可指领域，指领域时要用复数形式。Troops established a road block on the frontier.部队在边境设立了路障。