高二英语-知识讲解 Unit 4 Global warming 语言点.doc

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1、Unit 4 Global warming 语言点编稿：牛新阁 审稿： 王春霞学习目标重点词汇oppose compare state range quantity tend glance steady average circumstance重点短语come about subscribe to go up result in even if keep on on the wholeon behalf of put up with so long as and so on重点句型There is no doubt that.知识讲解重点词汇oppose【原句回放】On the other h

2、and, there are those, like George Hambley, who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air. 另一方面，还有一些人，像（科学家）乔治汉布利反对这种观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中有高含量的二氧化碳。【点拨】oppose vt. 反对，反抗；与（某人）较量常用结构：be opposed to sth. 反对，相对 （注意to是介词）He threw all those that

3、opposed him into prison. 他把反对他的人都投入监狱。Many residents are opposed to the plan of building the motorway.许多居民反对修建那条高速公路的计划。Im much opposed to your going abroad. 我非常反对你出国。【拓展1】opposed adj. 反对的，对立的 (常与to连用，to是介词)She remained bitterly opposed to the idea of moving abroad. 她仍然激烈地反对移居到国外的想法。【拓展2】oppose和obje

4、ct1. oppose 表示采取积极行动来反对，着重动作，反对的对象常为较重大的事；2. object指个人不赞成某事，或由于与个人有关而提出反对意见；3. oppose可以作及物动词，而object一般是不及物动词，接宾语时常加介词to。He doesnt oppose the plan at all. 他根本不反对这个计划。She objects to being scolded in public. 她不想被当众斥责。【高清课堂：Unit 4 Global warming词语精讲 compare-quantity】compare【原句回放】That probably does not s

5、eem much to you or me, but it is a rapid increase when compared to other natural changes. 这个（数值）对你我来说很可能是无所谓的，但是跟其他自然变化相比较而言，这却是一种快速的增长。【点拨】compare v. 比较，比照The poet compares his lover to a rose in his poems. （compare A to B 把.比作.）诗人在诗中把他的爱人比作一朵玫瑰。Living in a town cant compare with living in the coun

6、try in many respects.在许多方面城市生活比不上乡村生活。（我们可以说compare A with B，表示“把.与.相比”，但是如果不强调谁做比较的话，也可以说A compares with B，表示“与.相比，比得上”。）Compared to some of the things shes said, this was polite. （Compared to 与.相比）与她说过的许多事情相比，这个还是客气的。小结： 1. compare A to B有两个意思：把两个东西相比较；把A比作B。2. compare A with B只有一个意思：和.相比较。【拓展】com

7、parison n. 比较，对照。（注意拼写）make a comparison作比较state【原句回放】 In fact, Hambley states, “More carbon dioxide is actually a positive thing. .” 事实上，汉布利这样说：“二氧化碳含量的增加事实上是件好事。.”【点拨】state v. 意思是“说，陈述，说明”，比say更正式，语气更严肃。Please state your name, age and occupation on the form. 请在表中说明你的姓名、年龄和职业。（注意：state可以指口头说明或在资料等中

8、说明某个信息。）The busmen have stated that the strike will continue until general agreement is reached about pay and working conditions. 公交员工声称只有就工资和工作条件达成全面协议后，罢工才能结束。 【拓展】statement n. 陈述，声明 make a statement 发表声明The man made a statement to the police. 那个人向警方发表了声明。range【原句回放】, it will encourage a greater r

9、ange of animals all of which will make life for human beings better. 它还能促进更大范围的动物生长所有这一切都会改善人类的生活。【点拨】 1. range v. 处在范围内，范围涉及The team contained ten players whose ages ranged between 10 and 16.这个队包括10个队员，年龄在10到16岁之间。There are varieties of products ranging from television to computer software.这里有从电视机到

10、计算机软件的各种各样的产品。（注意：range与所修饰词products是主动关系，用动词-ing形式作定语，range要去字母e后加-ing。）2. range n. 范围，射程in the range of 在.范围内out of range 在.射程外Even the cheapest property was out of our price range. 即使最便宜的东西都超出了我们的价格范围。Your blood pressure is well within the normal range. 你的血压绝对在正常值范围内。I tried to get out of range o

11、f the gunshot. 我努力跑出枪的射程之外。quantity【原句回放】 The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. 当我们在大气层中增加了大量额外的二氧化碳时，问题就来了。【点拨】quantity n. 数量，量注意：1. 注意quantity的拼写，常与quality混淆。quality意思是“质”，而“quantity”一般指“量”。2. quantity构成的短语可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。3. a quantity of和q

12、uantities of修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词一般不跟它们修饰的名词一致，而要跟quantity的单复数形式一致。1) Quantities of food were on the table. 大量食物放在桌上。（用quantities of时，无论后面的名词是否可数，quantities是复数，谓语动词也要用复数。）2) Like most things, it is cheaper when bought in quantity.像大多数东西一样，买得多就便宜。（in quantity 大量的，大批的)【拓展】表示“大量的”的短语小结：a. 可跟可数名词也可跟不可数名词的词组 a

13、lot of, lots of, plenty of, quantities of, a (large / great) quantity ofb. 只能跟可数名词的词组 a (large / good/ great) number of, scores of, dozens ofc. 只能跟不可数名词的词组 a great / good deal of, a large amount of 例如：A quantity of story books has been bought for the children. 为儿童买了大量的故事书。We have learned a great dea

14、l of valuable experience from them.我们从他们那里学到了许多有价值的经验。They bought a large number of English-Chinese dictionaries in the bookstore yesterday.他们昨天在书店买了许多英汉词典。tend【原句回放】 It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the globe temperature to go up. 这意味着更多的热量被困在大气层中，从而引起全球温

15、度上升。【点拨】tend vi. 趋向, 往往是 vt. 照顾常用结构：tend to 往往会，倾向于，留意，注意 tend to do sth. 有做.倾向/趋势Youd better tend to your own affairs. 你还是管好自己的事情吧! Women tend to live longer than men. 女性往往比男性长寿。Since his mother was ill, he had to tend her at home. 因为母亲病了,他得在家照料她。 【拓展】tendency n. 倾向，趋势There is a tendency towards re

16、gional cooperation. 有一种地区性合作的趋势。glance【原句回放】Glance quickly at the magazine article and answer the questions. 迅速地看一下杂志上的这篇文章并回答问题。 【点拨】glance vi. 看一下，扫视；n. 一瞥，扫视 常用搭配： glance at匆匆瞥一下（某物），浏览 glance over浏览，粗略地阅读take/give a glance at匆匆一看., 一瞥.at first glance 乍一看 at a glance 立刻，看一眼就.He glanced at his wat

17、ch and went out. 他匆匆看了看表，出去了。I glanced up to see who had come in. 我抬头瞥了一眼看是谁进来了。He took a glance at the newspaper headlines. 他匆匆看了一眼报纸上的大标题。 【拓展】不同的“看”：glance一瞥，匆匆一看，强调动作的短暂 gaze凝视，注视，因惊异或赞赏而长时间无意识地凝视某人或某物 glare怒视，带有敌对或威胁的态度 stare盯着看，含有无礼或粗俗的意味。 steady【原句回放】 The rise in carbon dioxide is causing a s

18、teady increase in global warning. 二氧化碳的增长导致了全球气温的持续上升。【点拨】steady adj. 稳步的，匀速的，持续的，稳固的We are making slow but steady progress. 我们虽然缓慢但是在稳步前进。He held the boat steady as she got in. 他把船稳住，让她上了船。 【拓展】steadily adv. 平稳地；持续地average【原句回放】 The greenhouse effect gives the earths surface the average temperature

19、 of 15. 温室效应使地球表面的平均温度保持在15左右。【点拨】average adj.平均的，平常的What is the average rainfall for August in your country? 你们国家八月份的平均降水量是多少？The average child spends around ten hours a week watching TV.普通孩子每周要用约10小时看电视。【拓展】average n. 平均数，平均above/ below average 平均水平以上/下on average 按平均The average of 4, 8, and 60 is

20、24. 4、8和60的平均数是24。We received 20 calls a day on average. 我们平均每天接到二十通电话。circumstance【原句回放】Recycle cans, bottles, plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to. 如果情况允许的话，把罐头盒、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸回收利用起来。【点拨】circumstance n. 情形，情况，环境（常用复数）常用结构：under/in the circumstances 在此情况下；情况既然如此under no circumstance

21、s （=in no case）无论如何不；决不（注意：此短语放句首，句子倒装）What were the circumstances that led you to telephone the police? 是什么情况使你打电话给警察的？ He lives in poor circumstances. 他境况不好。Under no circumstances will I believe you. 无论如何，我都不会相信你。重点短语come about【原句回放】So how has this come about and does it matter? 那么，这种（温度的增长）是怎么产生的

22、呢？它要紧吗？【点拨】come about 发生，造成Please tell me how the accident came about. Im still in the dark. 请告诉我事故是怎样发生的。我还什么也不知道呢。How did it come about that humans speak so many different languages?人类怎么说这么多的不同语言，这是怎样产生的？ 【拓展1】辨析：come about, happen, occur与take place1. come about 强调“偶然发生”，一般以一种似乎无法控制的方式发生，也可指差别、争论的

23、产生。 2. happen 指“偶然发生”，常用于句型“sth. happen (to sb.)”，还有“碰巧”之意。I happened to see him on my way home. 我碰巧在回家路上看到了他。 I wonder what happened to him yesterday. 不知道他昨天出了什么事。3. occur正式用语，可指“偶然发生”，也指“计划中的发生”；还用于“occur to sb.”，表示“突然想起”。 It occurred to me that she didnt know I had moved into the new house. 我突然想起

24、她不知道我已经搬到新房子了。4. take place表示“发生、举行、举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排 The wedding will take place in St Peters Church. 婚礼将在圣彼得教堂举行。【拓展2】含come的短语：come across /upon（无意中）碰到，找到，想到，越过come along 跟去，一道去，赶快，进展come on 来吧，赶快come out 出来，出版，发行come over 顺便来访，过来come to 来到（某地），共计，来参加（活动），谈到come up with 想出，提

25、出subscribe to【原句回放】 All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earths temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil to produce energy. 所有的科学家都赞同这种观点：全球气温的升高是由为生产能量而燃烧化石燃料（如煤、天然气和石油等）引起的。 【点拨】subscribe to 同意，赞成，订购Which journal do you subscribe to?

26、 你订阅哪一种杂志? No one but mad people would subscribe to such views. 只有疯子才会同意这样的观点。 【拓展】subscribe vi. 同意；捐赠；订阅（常与to连用） vt. 签署（文件）；定期捐助People in the office subscribe 1 a week for coffee. 办公室的人一周拿一英镑买咖啡。Please subscribe your name to the document. 请在文件上签名。go up【原句回放】 It means that more heat energy tends to

27、be trapped in the atmosphere causing the globe temperature to go up. 这意味着更多的热量被困在大气层中，从而引起全球温度上升。【点拨】go up 上升，上涨，增加The curtain goes up on a suburban living-room.幕布升起，展现的是市郊住宅的起居室。Prices of fruit and vegetables have gone up. 水果和蔬菜的价格上涨了。As you go up a mountain, you have to overcome the earths gravity

28、 which pulls you down. 上山时你必须克服把你往下拉的地球引力。New buildings are going up everywhere. 到处都盖起新的大楼。 【拓展】含go的动词短语go after 追求，设法得到 go away 走开，离开go against 违反，违背 go ahead 进行，进展，用吧，说吧，先走go all out 全力以赴 go by 走过，经过go in for 爱好，从事 go on 发生，进行，进展，继续下去go off 走开 go out 出去，熄灭，过时go over 温习，审阅，检查，研究 go through审阅，用完，练习，

29、经历，经过result in【原句回放】 They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide. 他们还赞同下述观点，正是由于越来越多地燃烧化石燃料才导致了二氧化碳的增加。【点拨】result in导致，造成比较:result in 表示“导致，造成”，与 cause或lead to同义，其主语是起因；result from 表示“由造成的”，与lie in，as a result of和because o

30、f同义，其主语是结果，from的宾语是起因。The accident resulted in three people being killed. 事故导致了三人死亡。His failure resulted from not working hard enough. =Not working hard enough resulted in his failure. 他的失败是由不够努力工作造成的。【拓展】result 用作名词，表示“结果，后果”。as a result 因此; 结果as a result of 作为的结果； 由于The famous actor died as a resu

31、lt of a heart attack. 那个名演员因为心脏病去世。As a result, there is often trouble in their families. 因此，他们的家庭经常有麻烦。even if【原句回放】 Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries. 即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在（未来）几十年或几

32、个世纪内，气候仍会持续转暖。【点拨】even if 即使，虽然（也写作even though，常引导让步状语从句）Even if you saw him pick up the money, you cant be sure he stole it. 就算你看见是他拾起的钱，你也不能肯定钱就是他偷的。Im determined to enjoy myself as much as possible, even if it is freezing cold.尽管天很冷,我还是决心尽可能玩得高兴些。keep on【原句回放】 Even if we start reducing the amount

33、 of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries. 即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在（未来）几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续转暖。【点拨】keep on 继续（进行），继续下去 常用结构：keep on doing sth. 继续做某事Ive told him to stop but he keeps on scratching it! 我告诉他停下来，但是他还是继续抓挠它！She keeps on and

34、 on and Im really fed up with her.她说起来没完没了，我对她真是厌烦透了。Keep straight on and youll come to the market. 一直往前走就到市场了。 【拓展】keep和keep on1. 两者都可以表示“继续做.”，都接动词-ing形式作宾语。2. 表示静止状态的动词，只能跟在keep后，如keep standing/ sitting/ lying。3. keep on doing sth.表示决心、毅力；keep doing sth. 强调动作的重复性。He kept asking the questions. 他不停

35、地问我这些问题。on the whole【原句回放】 On the whole the warming of the earth is a phenomenon that causes great concern. 总体上来说，全球气候变暖是一种引起广泛关注的现象。【点拨】on the whole意为“总的看来；大体上；基本上”，相当于in general。 The weather this month has been good on the whole. 这个月的天气基本上是好的。 On the whole，I think he was quite right to act as he d

36、id. 总的看来，我认为他那样做是对的。 【拓展】as a whole作为一个整体; 总体上 This rule does not only apply to seniors, but to the school as a whole. 这条规则不仅适用于高年级学生，也适用于全校。on behalf of【原句回放】 I am doing a project on behalf of my school about global warning. 我正代表我的学校做一项关于全球变暖的课题研究。 【点拨】on behalf of 代表.；为了.的利益此短语是介词短语，也可作“on ones be

37、half”。I paid the money on your behalf. 我替你付了钱。On behalf of my colleagues and myself I appreciate your kindly help.我代表我的同事和我本人感谢你们的善意帮助。 Dont trouble to do it on my behalf. 不要为了我去麻烦了。put up with【原句回放】 We do not have to put up with pollution. 我们不必去忍受污染。【点拨】put up with：容忍，忍受（与stand, bear 同义）How has Jan

38、e put up with him for so long? 简是怎样忍受他这么长时间的？I wont put up with your bad behaviors any longer. 我不能再忍受你的不良行为了。【拓展】含put 的短语put away 存起来，收拾起来 put back 推迟，放回（原处），拨回（时钟）put down 写下来，镇压 put forward 提出，提前put off 推迟，延期put on 穿（戴）上，上演，打开（开关等）put out 熄灭，扑灭，出版 put up 举（架）起，修建，张贴，留宿so long as【原句回放】 It is OK to

39、leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it if not, turn it off. 只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着。如果不用，就把它关掉。【点拨】so/ as long as 只要，以.为条件；在.时间之内There is hope so long as he is with us. 只要他在就有希望。I dont care about the price, so long as the car is in good condition.我不计较价钱，只要车况好就行了。Ill stay as long as

40、 I can. 我能待多久就待多久。 【拓展】下面短语与so/as long as一样，除了表面形容词的意思外，还是固定短语：as well as 也，还有 as good as 和. .一样, 实际上相当于.as far as 远至，就.而言 and so on【原句回放】So if you are not using the lights, the TV, the computer, and so on, turn them off. 因此，如果你不用电灯、电视机、电脑等，就把它们关掉。 【点拨】and so on 等等 We discussed everythingwhen to go,

41、 what to see and so on. 我们什么都商量了-什么时候去，看什么等等。He talked about how much we owed to our parents, our duty to our country and so on.他谈到我们受到父母多少恩惠、我们对国家应尽的义务等等。 【拓展】and so forth等等 etc 等等（拉丁语et cetera的缩写） 重点句型There is no doubt that .【原句回放】 There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is

42、 human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon. 毫无疑问，全球在变暖，全球变暖是人为的，而不是随意的自然现象。【点拨】There is no doubt that. 毫无疑问1. that 引导的是同位语从句。doubt用在否定句中，后面接that引导的同位语从句。 There is no doubt that radio and television are important means of communication. 毫无疑问，收音机和电视

43、是信息交流的重要方式。2. 但是，doubt用在肯定句中，后面接whether引导的同位语从句。注意不可以用if替换whether。 He had his doubts whether they would give him another chance to have a try. 他不能肯定他们是否会再给他一次机会试一试。 【拓展】doubt后的宾语从句： 1. 在否定句和疑问句中，doubt后面接that引导的宾语从句。 I dont doubt that he can finish the task on time. 我相信他能按时完成任务。 Do you doubt that she will succeed? 你怀疑她会成功吗？ 2. 在肯定句中，doubt后面一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句。 I doubt whether they can swim across the river. 我怀疑他们能否游过河去。 3. 在肯定句中，doubt也可接that引导的宾语从句，表示疑虑较大或“不相信”。 We doubt that they can complete the work ahead of time. 我们不相信他们能提前完成这项工作。