高二英语-知识讲解 话题语言应用—跨文化交际.doc
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1、话题语言应用跨文化交际编稿：王春霞 审稿：陈玉莲语言积累新鲜的日常用语Be prepared. 有备无患。Have some low-risk conversation openers ready. 准备好几句不太会出错的开场白。Wonderful, arent they? 好极了，不是吗？Been here before? 以前来过这里吗？Staying long? 打算待时间长吗？Lovely place. 可爱的地方。Never been there. 从没去过那儿。Go there a lot. 经常去那儿。你想知道的社交词汇friendship 友谊politeness 礼貌mode
2、sty 谦虚conceit 自负compliment 恭维sincere 真诚的sincerity 真诚self-cultivation 自我修养，个人修养self-respect 自尊well-educated 受过良好的教育ill-educated 缺乏教育的precise 精确的，明确的punctuality 准时keep calm 保持冷静make an appointment 预约，约会intrude/offend ones privacy 侵犯某人的隐私expressive 富于表情的，表情丰富的informative 提供信息的，增长见闻的a helping hand 一臂之力e
3、yes open 大开眼界ears attentive 侧耳倾听sense of humour 幽默感a good communicator 善于沟通的人embarrassment 尴尬shake someones hand 握手wave someones hand 挥手hold someones hand 握住某人的手pat someone on the back 拍拍某人的背give someone a good hand 切实帮助到某人kiss ones hand to someone 飞吻give the OK sign 做OK的手势bite ones nails 咬指甲hold up
4、 ones head 昂起头nod someone a welcome 向某人点头表示欢迎look someone in the eye 直视某人的眼睛shrug ones shoulders 耸肩话题语句（1）【高清课堂：高一英语话题集锦（四）：Body language】Lets examine how body communicates from head to toe. 话题语句（2） Greetings and Other Differences between Customs in Different CountriesIn English-speaking countries,
5、there are some formal greetings, such as “How are you?” “How do you do?” and “How have you been?” there are also some informal ways of greeting. For instance, people often greet others that they know well with “Hi”, “Hello”, “Hi, there”, or “Whats up?” While in China, people tend to say, “Have you h
6、ad your breakfast/lunch/supper?” or “Where are you going?”First, there are cultural differences. People in the west might feel at a loss when they hear Chinese people greet them by asking whether they have had meals or not. Second, people often use different greetings to greet different people. How
7、they greet their superiors and how they greet their peers wont be the same.One custom that is different in the West and in China is what to say when someone gives you a compliment. In China, most people would usually show some courtesies first and then give a compliment in return to the person, but
8、in western countries, it is polite to accept the compliment by saying “Thank you”.In China, people think family relationships are more important. So they usually live with their parents until they get married. And grandparents often help to look after the grandchildren. In the USA, people think inde
9、pendence is more important. So young people leave home after graduation and it is rare for grandparents to live with their children and grandchildren.English and American people have unbelievable differences in culture even though they both speak English. For example, The British may be puzzled when
10、 Americans talk about thanksgiving and the huge turkey they eat.There are different reactions in the West and the East when they get presents. Westerners like to open them as soon as they get them. Though there are similarities between wedding traditions in the west, there are also differences betwe
11、en different western countries. In Italy, guests expect to get presents from the newly-weds while the guests are expected to give presents to them in the UK.In Brunei, a male guest has to sit with the bridegroom and the other men and a female guest has to be with the bride and the other women in a d
12、ifferent area. Whats more, if you go to Brunei, you should point with your thumb instead of your first finger. You shouldnt wear yellow, either. Appropriate behavior is always welcome. So remember: when in Rome, do as the Romans do.The benefits of learning different cultures:to experience different
13、cultures to get a better understanding of the people in other countriesto help strengthen relations with classmates, colleagues or friends from other countries to avoid unnecessary mistakes and embarrassment to communicate freely and effectivelyto be a polite person注释：at a loss 不知所措；superiors 上级领导；p
14、eers 同事，同伴；compliment 称赞，恭维；courtesy 谦恭有礼；in return 反过来；reactions 反应；similarities 相似点; strengthen 加强，巩固话题语句（3） Making Small Talk In most English-speaking countries, it is normal and necessary to make “small talk” in certain situations. Small talk is a casual form of conversation that “breaks the ice
15、” or fills an awkward silence between people. The ability to make “small talk” is highly valued. In fact, many English students agree that making effective small talk is much more important than knowing correct grammar structures and rightly so! Small talk gets friendship started and “breaks the ice
16、” before important business meetings and other events.Small talk is pleasant conversation about common interests. Even though you may feel shy using your second language, it is sometimes considered rude to say nothing. So making light informal conversation for the sake of the conversation is a form
17、of social skills. In small talk we express ourselves in the details of what we talk about, the words we use, the ones we dont, how far we lean forward, how tentatively or aggressively we probe for shared ground. People with many different relationships use small talk. The most common type of people
18、to use small talk are those who do not know each other at all. It is also common to people who are only acquaintances, often called a “friend of a friend”, to use small talk. Other people who have short casual conversations are office employees who may not be good friends but work in the same depart
19、ment. Customer service representatives, waitresses, hairdressers and receptionists often make small talk with customers. Most often small talk occurs in places where people are waiting for something. For example, you might chat with another person who is waiting for the bus to arrive, or to the pers
20、on beside you waiting to get on an airplane. People also make small talk in a doctors or dentists waiting room, or in queues at the grocery store. At the office, people make small talk in elevators or lunch rooms and even in restrooms, especially if there is a line-up. Some social events (such as pa
21、rty) require small talk among guests who do not know each other very well. List of common small talk subjects： Sports current matches or games, favorite teams, etc. Hobbies Weather boring, but can get the ball rolling! Family general questions, not questions about private matters Media films, books,
22、 magazines, etc. Holidays where, when, etc. but NOT how much! Home town where do you come from, how is different/similar to this town Job once again, general questions not too specific Latest fashion and trends Celebrities any gossip you may have!Topics that probably are not very good for small talk
23、： Salary how much do you make? Thats none of your business! Politics wait till you get to know the person better. Intimate relationships only for you and your partner or maybe your best friend. Religion tolerance is the key! Death we need to face it. But not the first time we meet someone new. Finan
24、cial most people prefer to keep financial information to themselves. Sales Dont try to sell something to someone you have just met.注释：“breaks the ice” or fills an awkward silence between people 打破僵局；for the sake of 为了；how tentatively or aggressively we probe for shared ground 我们在寻找共同点的时候是多么地谨慎或者挑衅;
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